大豆耐盐种质的筛选及其耐盐生理特性分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0843

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐害是一种主要的非生物胁迫,严重影响大豆的产量和品质,筛选大豆耐盐种质对耐盐性研究具有重要意义。本研究以332份栽培大豆品种为研究对象,以苗期NaCl致死浓度为评价指标,初步评价其耐盐性。从中选择3份不同耐盐等级的材料为供试材料,公认的耐盐材料Lee68和盐敏材料Jackson为对照材料,用150 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理后,测定表型性状、生理指标及光合指标等,分析不同耐盐种质与这些指标间的关系,进一步探究耐盐生理特性。结果表明：（1）供试种质耐盐性差异较大,筛选出6份敏盐品种和18份耐盐品种。（2）形态性状分析表明不同耐盐等级的品种在盐胁迫下植株干重、株高和根长均下降,其中汾豆105和Lee68的相对干重、相对株高和相对根长较高,晋大70次之,陕西八月黄和Jackson的相对干重、相对株高和相对根长较低。（3）不同组织离子含量分析表明汾豆105、Lee68的根和茎中Na⁺、Cl^-积累较多,叶片中较少,而陕西八月黄和Jackson与其相反。（4）叶片光合特性分析表明盐胁迫下陕西八月黄和Jackson的SPAD均下降,晋大70、Lee68和汾豆105上升;净光合速率均降低,其中汾豆105和Lee68的降幅小,陕西八月黄和Jackson的降幅较大。综合形态和生理指标分析发现5个品种在盐胁迫下的耐盐能力：汾豆105和Lee68>晋大70>陕西八月黄和Jackson,与初筛结果一致,表明致死浓度可作为苗期耐盐性鉴定简便、可靠的指标,同时这些材料为大豆耐盐育种提供了基础材料。

关键词: 大豆, 耐盐性, 苗期, 离子分布, 光合特性

Abstract:

Salt injury is a major abiotic stress,which seriously affects the yield and quality of soybean. Thus it is important to screen soybean salt-tolerant germplasm for the study of salt-tolerance. In this study,332 cultivated soybean varieties were used as the research objects,and their salt tolerance was preliminarily evaluated using the lethal concentration of NaCl at seedling stage as the evaluation index. Three materials with different salt tolerance levels were selected as the experimental materials,and the recognized salt-tolerant material Lee68 and salt-sensitive material Jackson were selected as the control material. After treatment with 150 mmol/L NaCl solution,phenotypes,physiological indexes and photosynthetic indexes were determined to analyze the relationship between different salt tolerant germplasm and these indexes,so as to further explore the salt tolerance mechanism. The results showed that：1）There were great differences in salt tolerance of the germplasm tested. Six salt-sensitive varieties and 18 salt-tolerant varieties were screened out. 2）Morphological analysis showed that the plant dry weight,plant height and root length of the varieties with different salinity tolerance levels all decreased under salt stress. The relative dry weight,plant height and root length of Fendou105 and Lee68 were higher,followed by Jinda70,Shanxibayuehang and Jackson were lower. 3）Analysis of ion content in different tissues showed that the accumulation of Na⁺and Cl^- in the roots and stems of Fendou 105 and Lee68 was higher than that in the leaves,while it was opposite for Shanxibayuehang and Jackson. 4）The photosynthetic characteristics of leaves showed that under salt stress,the SPAD of Shanxibayuehang and Jackson decreased,while that of Jinda70,Lee68 and Fendou105 increased. The net photosynthetic rates of Fendou105 and Lee68 decreased less,while those of Shanxibayuehang and Jackson decreased more. Based on morphological and physiological analysis,the salt tolerance of 5 soybean varieties under salt stress was found to be as Fendou105 and Lee68>Jinda70>Shanxibayuehang and Jackson,which were consistent with the preliminary screening results. The results indicated that the lethal concentration could be used as a simple and reliable indicator for the identification of salt tolerance at seedling stage. Meanwhile,these materials provide basic materials for soybean salt tolerance breeding.

Key words: soybean, salt resistance, seedling stage, ion distribution, the photosynthetic characteristics

石广成, 杨万明, 杜维俊, 王敏. 大豆耐盐种质的筛选及其耐盐生理特性分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(4): 174-183.

SHI Guang-cheng, YANG Wan-ming, DU Wei-jun, WANG Min. Screening of Salt-tolerant Soybean Germplasm and Physiological Characteristics Analysis of Its Salt Tolerance[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(4): 174-183.

图/表 8

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NaCl致死浓度 NaCl lethal concentration/（mmol·L^-1）	材料Materials
NaCl致死浓度 NaCl lethal concentration/（mmol·L^-1）	育成品种Improved variety	地方品种Local variety	品系Strain
190	中黄80	陕西八月黄
200	Jackson、荷豆15	天鹅蛋、岢岚黄豆
250	中黄80、晋大53、中黄41、冀豆17、江苏1183-2、济99-2492、中作965048、汾豆92、农科6号、汾豆牧绿2号、山宁16、青豆42、齐农1号、中黄13、晋豆29、晋大73、荷豆19、铁丰31、周豆21、晋豆44、汾豆57、晋大70、中豆5701、冀黑豆1号、山宁23、汾豆93、淮豆13、郑1311、邯豆14、晋豆25、濉科998、中黄47、晋豆44、国豆1号、宁黄34、汾豆11、圣豆5号、冀黑1号、中黄319、中黄70	左权绿大豆、太谷平山黄豆、岚县大黑豆、山西牛眼睛圆黑豆、鸡腰白、神池黑豆、沁县黄豆、五台黄豆、壶关大黑豆、河曲羊眼豆、河曲黑豆、左权黄豆、朔州扁黑豆、临县小黑豆、太谷大黑豆、神木黑豆、陕西档山小黑豆、陕西神木白黑豆、河北马豆、繁峙黑豆、菜用大豆、千斤豆、祁县大黑豆、陕西绿芯黑豆、陕西圆黄豆、太谷黄豆、襄汾小黑豆、应县白豆、长治小黑豆、WS285、吕梁黄豆、WS47、武黑	2997-RR2、NC111、JH44-1、JHH-3、 HJ-5、JJH-1、HHJ1377、Z33124、PB2403、PB2433
270	Lee68、许豆6号、晋豆15、晋豆22、中豆13	鬼豆、襄垣黄豆、榆次小黑豆、西部扁黄豆、陕西绿芯黑豆、WS273、东北小黑豆、岢岚圆绿豆	矮-2、矮-18

NaCl致死浓度 NaCl lethal concentration/（mmol·L^-1）	材料Materials
NaCl致死浓度 NaCl lethal concentration/（mmol·L^-1）	育成品种Improved variety	地方品种Local variety	品系Strain
190	中黄80	陕西八月黄
200	Jackson、荷豆15	天鹅蛋、岢岚黄豆
250	中黄80、晋大53、中黄41、冀豆17、江苏1183-2、济99-2492、中作965048、汾豆92、农科6号、汾豆牧绿2号、山宁16、青豆42、齐农1号、中黄13、晋豆29、晋大73、荷豆19、铁丰31、周豆21、晋豆44、汾豆57、晋大70、中豆5701、冀黑豆1号、山宁23、汾豆93、淮豆13、郑1311、邯豆14、晋豆25、濉科998、中黄47、晋豆44、国豆1号、宁黄34、汾豆11、圣豆5号、冀黑1号、中黄319、中黄70	左权绿大豆、太谷平山黄豆、岚县大黑豆、山西牛眼睛圆黑豆、鸡腰白、神池黑豆、沁县黄豆、五台黄豆、壶关大黑豆、河曲羊眼豆、河曲黑豆、左权黄豆、朔州扁黑豆、临县小黑豆、太谷大黑豆、神木黑豆、陕西档山小黑豆、陕西神木白黑豆、河北马豆、繁峙黑豆、菜用大豆、千斤豆、祁县大黑豆、陕西绿芯黑豆、陕西圆黄豆、太谷黄豆、襄汾小黑豆、应县白豆、长治小黑豆、WS285、吕梁黄豆、WS47、武黑	2997-RR2、NC111、JH44-1、JHH-3、 HJ-5、JJH-1、HHJ1377、Z33124、PB2403、PB2433
270	Lee68、许豆6号、晋豆15、晋豆22、中豆13	鬼豆、襄垣黄豆、榆次小黑豆、西部扁黄豆、陕西绿芯黑豆、WS273、东北小黑豆、岢岚圆绿豆	矮-2、矮-18

品种编号Cultivar No.	处理 Treatment	植株干重 Dry plant mass/g	相对植株干重 Relative dry plant mass/%	株高 Plant height/cm	相对株高 Relative plant height/%	根长 Root length/cm	相对根长 Relative root length/%
陕西八月黄	CK T	0.67a	65.67d	24.10a	76.63e	28.60a	70.04e
陕西八月黄	CK T	0.44b	65.67d	18.47b	76.63e	20.03b	70.04e
晋大70	CK T	0.70a	77.14c	15.67a	85.06c	26.33a	87.61b
晋大70	CK T	0.54b	77.14c	13.33b	85.06c	23.07b	87.61b
汾豆105	CK T	0.56a	96.42a	16.97a	92.69b	27.03a	99.87a
汾豆105	CK T	0.54a	96.42a	15.73a	92.69b	27.00a	99.87a
Jackson	CK T	0.57a	45.61e	30.67a	79.23d	21.97a	74.66d
Jackson	CK T	0.26b	45.61e	24.30b	79.23d	16.40b	74.66d
Lee68	CK T	0.62a	90.32b	22.33a	96.73a	22.45a	87.31c
Lee68	CK T	0.56a	90.32b	21.60a	96.73a	19.60a	87.31c

品种编号Cultivar No.	处理 Treatment	植株干重 Dry plant mass/g	相对植株干重 Relative dry plant mass/%	株高 Plant height/cm	相对株高 Relative plant height/%	根长 Root length/cm	相对根长 Relative root length/%
陕西八月黄	CK T	0.67a	65.67d	24.10a	76.63e	28.60a	70.04e
陕西八月黄	CK T	0.44b	65.67d	18.47b	76.63e	20.03b	70.04e
晋大70	CK T	0.70a	77.14c	15.67a	85.06c	26.33a	87.61b
晋大70	CK T	0.54b	77.14c	13.33b	85.06c	23.07b	87.61b
汾豆105	CK T	0.56a	96.42a	16.97a	92.69b	27.03a	99.87a
汾豆105	CK T	0.54a	96.42a	15.73a	92.69b	27.00a	99.87a
Jackson	CK T	0.57a	45.61e	30.67a	79.23d	21.97a	74.66d
Jackson	CK T	0.26b	45.61e	24.30b	79.23d	16.40b	74.66d
Lee68	CK T	0.62a	90.32b	22.33a	96.73a	22.45a	87.31c
Lee68	CK T	0.56a	90.32b	21.60a	96.73a	19.60a	87.31c

品种编号Species No.	处理 Treatment	SPAD值 SPAD values	净光合速率 Pn/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	蒸腾速率 Tr/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	气孔导度 Gs/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
陕西八月黄	CK	29.93a	12.67a	293.67a	5.98a	0.20a
陕西八月黄	T	20.56b	2.45b	267.00b	0.89b	0.04b
晋大70	CK	32.96a	15.70a	323.67a	5.46a	0.29a
晋大70	T	33.55a	3.36b	221.67b	0.58b	0.02b
汾豆105	CK	32.89b	10.19a	224.67a	4.58a	0.10a
汾豆105	T	35.39a	5.17b	218.00b	2.23b	0.05b
Jackson	CK	33.35a	8.86a	239.33b	4.75a	0.09a
Jackson	T	27.37b	0.30b	391.00a	0.57b	0.01b
Lee68	CK	31.08b	7.66a	232.33a	3.26a	0.07a
Lee68	T	36.02a	4.81b	221.33b	2.28b	0.04b