miRNA的非经典作用机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

microRNA（miRNA）是一类在进化上较为保守的内源性非编码单链RNA分子（ncRNAs），包含大约20-22个核苷酸，通过与靶基因mRNA互补作用参与调控基因表达及多种生理生化过程。目前研究主要集中于miRNA通过剪切mRNA或抑制翻译负调控基因表达的经典作用机制上，但是针对miRNA非经典作用机制的研究较少。本文综述了近年来包括miRNA前体可编码多肽、miRNA可与其他功能蛋白相结合、miRNA可直接激活TLR受体蛋白、miRNA可提高蛋白表达水平、miRNA靶向调控线粒体相关基因mRNA以及miRNA可直接调控基因转录过程等6种miRNA的非经典作用机制，旨在能够更加深入和系统地理解miRNA的非经典作用模式，为解析miRNA在生物体内复杂的分子调控机制提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: miRNA, 非经典作用机制, 分子调控

Abstract:

microRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of evolutionarily conserved endogenous small noncoding RNAs（ncRNAs），containing approximately 20-22 nucleotides，are involved in the regulating gene expressions and multiple physiological and biochemical processes by complementary functions with target gene mRNAs. Current studies mainly focus on the conventional functions of miRNAs negatively regulating the expressions of specific target genes by cleaving their mRNAs or otherwise inhibiting their translation into proteins. However，there are few studies on the unconventional functions of miRNAs. In this review，we emphatically summarized the 6 unconventional miRNA functions，including pri-miRNAs coding for peptides，miRNAs interacting with non-AGO proteins，miRNAs directly activating Toll-like receptors，miRNAs upregulating protein expression，miRNAs targeting mitochondrial transcripts，and miRNAs directly activating transcription，aiming to understand the unconventional miRNA functions more deeply and systematically，and provide novel ideas and methods for revealing the complex molecular regulation mechanism of miRNA in vivo.

Key words: miRNA, unconventional functions, molecular regulation

李潇凡, 耿丹丹, 毕瑜林, 江勇, 王志秀, 常国斌, 陈国宏, 白皓. miRNA的非经典作用机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(12): 1-10.

LI Xiao-fan, GENG Dan-dan, BI Yu-lin, JIANG Yong, WANG Zhi-xiu, CHANG Guo-bin, CHEN Guo-hong, BAI Hao. Research Progress in Unconventional miRNA Functions[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(12): 1-10.

图/表 2

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作用机制Functions	物种Species	性状Traits	相关miRNAR Related miRNAs	参考文献Reference
miRNA前体pri-miRNA编码调节肽miPEPs	植物	根系发育	pri-miR176、pri-miR165a	[15]
			pri-mir171d	[16]
			pri-mir858a	[77]
	植物	叶片发育	mir-165a	[78]
	植物	大豆根瘤结瘤	mir-172c	[11]
	人类	前列腺癌	miR-200a、miR-200b	[18]
	人类	类银屑病与多发性硬化症（EAE）	mir-155	[19]
miRNA与多种功能蛋白相结合	人类	饥饿应激反应	mir-122	[29]
	人类	慢性骨髓性白血病	mir-328	[30]
	人类	癌细胞发育调节	mir-346、mir-138、pri-let-7	[33]
	人类	癌细胞发育调节	mir-346、mir-138、pri-let-7	[79]
	动物	哺乳动物胚胎发育	let-7	[80]
miRNA作为信号分子直接激活TLR受体蛋白	小鼠	阿尔茨海默病	let-7	[35]
miRNA作为信号分子直接激活TLR受体蛋白	小鼠	中枢神经系统疾病	mir-20a-5p、mir-148b-3p	[36]
miRNA上调蛋白表达水平	人类	丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）	mir-122	[37]
	人类	巨噬细胞调节	mir-125b	[40]
	人类	宫颈癌	mir-346	[42]
	人类	小儿癌症	mir-483	[44]
	动物	肠道菌群调节	gga-miR-222a	[45]
	植物	干旱胁迫	mir-156	[46]
miRNA靶向调控线粒体相关基因mRNA	人类	骨骼肌线粒体调节	pre-mir-302a、pre-let-7b、mir-365	[47]
	大鼠	心脏线粒体调节	mir-181c	[50]
	人类	肿瘤细胞代谢和化学耐药性	mir-2392	[51]
	小鼠	心肌线粒体调节	mir-1	[52]
	人类	神经发育	mir-338	[57]
F：miRNA直接调控基因转录过程	小鼠	肿瘤生长调节	mir-744、mir-1186	[68]
	小鼠	细胞凋亡调节	mir-709	[69]
	人类	肿瘤生长调节	miR-24、miR-16a-1	[71]

作用机制Functions	物种Species	性状Traits	相关miRNAR Related miRNAs	参考文献Reference
miRNA前体pri-miRNA编码调节肽miPEPs	植物	根系发育	pri-miR176、pri-miR165a	[15]
			pri-mir171d	[16]
			pri-mir858a	[77]
	植物	叶片发育	mir-165a	[78]
	植物	大豆根瘤结瘤	mir-172c	[11]
	人类	前列腺癌	miR-200a、miR-200b	[18]
	人类	类银屑病与多发性硬化症（EAE）	mir-155	[19]
miRNA与多种功能蛋白相结合	人类	饥饿应激反应	mir-122	[29]
	人类	慢性骨髓性白血病	mir-328	[30]
	人类	癌细胞发育调节	mir-346、mir-138、pri-let-7	[33]
	人类	癌细胞发育调节	mir-346、mir-138、pri-let-7	[79]
	动物	哺乳动物胚胎发育	let-7	[80]
miRNA作为信号分子直接激活TLR受体蛋白	小鼠	阿尔茨海默病	let-7	[35]
miRNA作为信号分子直接激活TLR受体蛋白	小鼠	中枢神经系统疾病	mir-20a-5p、mir-148b-3p	[36]
miRNA上调蛋白表达水平	人类	丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）	mir-122	[37]
	人类	巨噬细胞调节	mir-125b	[40]
	人类	宫颈癌	mir-346	[42]
	人类	小儿癌症	mir-483	[44]
	动物	肠道菌群调节	gga-miR-222a	[45]
	植物	干旱胁迫	mir-156	[46]
miRNA靶向调控线粒体相关基因mRNA	人类	骨骼肌线粒体调节	pre-mir-302a、pre-let-7b、mir-365	[47]
	大鼠	心脏线粒体调节	mir-181c	[50]
	人类	肿瘤细胞代谢和化学耐药性	mir-2392	[51]
	小鼠	心肌线粒体调节	mir-1	[52]
	人类	神经发育	mir-338	[57]
F：miRNA直接调控基因转录过程	小鼠	肿瘤生长调节	mir-744、mir-1186	[68]
	小鼠	细胞凋亡调节	mir-709	[69]
	人类	肿瘤生长调节	miR-24、miR-16a-1	[71]