全球合成生物学发展现状及对我国的启示

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0352

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成生物学是一门新兴交叉前沿科学，在生命科学、能源科技、医疗健康、材料化工和农业科技等领域具有广阔的应用前景，研究其发展现状对政府部门、科学界和产业界协同推进合成生物学发展具有重要意义。本文对全球合成生物学政策、科研和产业现状进行了系统梳理，结合我国合成生物学发展现状及存在问题，提出我国合成生物学发展的策略建议。研究表明，（1）合成生物学进入了全球共识、合作与竞争的快速发展时期，各国通过自上而下的研发体系助力合成生物学的科学研究和应用创新，产生了许多具有领域特征的新技术和新应用。（2）我国正加速完善合成生物学顶层设计，领域内也取得了系列原始发现和创新成果，但仍存在中长期发展规划滞后、科研创新能力不足、应用研发主体错位和产业应用场景拓展局限等问题。（3）建议从加强宏观政策引领、构建高效研究体系、培育优质产业主体和拓展成果应用场景等层面推动我国合成生物学发展。

关键词: 合成生物学, 发展政策, 科学研究, 应用技术, 启示建议

Abstract:

Synthetic biology is a new interdisciplinary frontier science, demonstrating broad application prospects in the fields of life science, energy science and technology, medical health, material chemical industry and agricultural science and technology. The research on the development status of synthetic biology is of great significance for government departments, scientific and industrial communities to jointly promote its development. The current situation of synthetic biology policies, scientific research and industry in globe was systematically summarized. Combined with the development status and existing issues of synthetic biology in China, strategic suggestions for its development are put forward. The study showed followings. 1）Synthetic biology has entered a period of rapid development of global consensus, cooperation and competition. Many countries have assisted the scientific research and application innovation of synthetic biology, and produced many new technologies and applications with field characteristics through the top-down research and development system. 2）China is accelerating the improvement of the top-level design of synthetic biology, and a series of original discoveries and innovative achievements in the field has been achieved. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as lagging medium and long-term development planning, insufficient scientific research and innovation ability, the dislocation of application research and development subjects and the limitation of industrial application scenario expansion. 3）It is suggested to promote the development of synthetic biology in China from the aspects of strengthening macro policy guidance, building an efficient research system, cultivating high-quality industrial subjects and expanding the application scenarios of achievements.

Key words: synthetic biology, development policy, scientific research, application technology, enlightenment suggestions

王晓梅, 杨小薇, 李辉尚, 何微, 辛竹琳. 全球合成生物学发展现状及对我国的启示[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(2): 292-302.

WANG Xiao-mei, YANG Xiao-wei, LI Hui-shang, HE Wei, XIN Zhu-lin. Development Status of Synthetic Biology in Globe and Its Enlightenment[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 292-302.

图/表 3

图1 全球合成生物学领域发展和战略布局演进路径

Fig. 1 Evolution path of development and strategic layout in the field of synthetic biology in globe

图2 近十年全球合成生物学主要研究项目和成果

Fig. 2 Major project funding and research results of synthetic biology in globe in recent ten years

图3 合成生物学相关应用领域及产品

Fig. 3 Related application fields and products in synthetic biology

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