加强高光效基础研究，支撑作物高产育种

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0634

生物技术通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1-5.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0634

• 作物高光效专题 • 下一篇

加强高光效基础研究，支撑作物高产育种

孙晶¹(), 杨韵龙², 刘荣志², 余泓³, 路铁刚¹()

^1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081
^2.中国农学会，北京 100125
^3.崖州湾国家实验室，三亚 572019

收稿日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2025-10-26 发布日期:2025-10-29
通讯作者: 路铁刚，博士，研究员，研究方向：作物高光效机理解析及新材料创制；E-mail: lutiegang@caas.cn
作者简介:孙晶，博士，副研究员，研究方向：作物光合效率提升与遗传改良；E-mail: sunjing02@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1001700)

Strengthening Fundamental Research on Photosynthesis to Support Crop Breeding for High Yield

SUN Jing¹(), YANG Yun-long², LIU Rong-zhi², YU Hong³, LU Tie-gang¹()

^1.Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
^2.Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Beijing 100125
^3.Yazhou Bay National Laboratory, Sanya 572019

Received:2025-06-17 Published:2025-10-26 Online:2025-10-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加强作物高光效生物学基础研究，是突破粮食单产瓶颈、推动种业创新与农业现代化的关键路径。目前作物高光效研究已在光合膜蛋白结构解析、高光效基因挖掘及C₄途径模拟等领域取得重要进展，利用基因编辑与合成生物学技术已经初步实现提升大豆、水稻等作物光能利用效率。然而，我国在高光效生物学基础研究方面还存在研究系统性不足、表型鉴定平台滞后、交叉学科人才短缺及基因评估体系薄弱等问题，且国际竞争激烈，重大国际合作项目参与度不高。本文综述了国内外作物高光效研究进展与挑战，总结该领域基础研究突破、技术应用潜力及学科交叉趋势，系统梳理我国高光效研究短板并提出针对性建议。未来建议强化顶层设计，设立跨学科攻关项目；建设多尺度表型鉴定平台；加快复合型人才培养；推动基因编辑与智能设计技术创新，促进高光效种质创制与成果转化，为保障粮食安全提供科技支撑。

关键词: 作物高光效, 生物学基础研究, 光合膜蛋白结构, C₄途径, 表型组学, 基因编辑, 合成生物学

Abstract:

Strengthening fundamental research on the biology of high photosynthetic efficiency in crops is a critical pathway to breaking the bottleneck of grain yield per unit area and advancing seed industry innovation and agricultural modernization. Significant progress has been made in areas such as the structural analysis of photosynthetic membrane proteins, the discovery of high-photosynthetic-efficiency genes, and the simulation of C₄ pathways. Technologies like gene editing and synthetic biology have preliminarily enhanced the solar energy utilization efficiency in crops such as soybeans and rice. However, challenges persist in China’s fundamental research on high photosynthetic efficiency, including insufficient systematicity in research, lagging phenotyping platforms, a shortage of interdisciplinary talent, and weak genetic evaluation systems. Moreover, amid intense global competition, China’s participation in major international collaborative projects remains limited. This review summarizes the progress and challenges in high-photosynthetic-efficiency crop research both domestically and internationally, highlighting breakthroughs in foundational studies, the potential of technological applications, and interdisciplinary trends. It systematically identifies the shortcomings in China’s high-photosynthetic-efficiency research and proposes targeted recommendations. Moving forward, it is recommended to strengthen top-level design and establish interdisciplinary research projects; develop multi-scale phenotyping platforms; accelerate the training of interdisciplinary professionals; advance innovations in gene editing and intelligent design technologies; and promote the creation of high-photosynthetic-efficiency germplasm and the translation of research outcomes into practice, thereby providing scientific and technological support for safeguarding food security.

Key words: high photosynthetic efficiency in crops, fundamental biological research, photosynthetic membrane protein structure, C₄ pathway, phenomics, gene editing, synthetic biology

孙晶, 杨韵龙, 刘荣志, 余泓, 路铁刚. 加强高光效基础研究，支撑作物高产育种[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(10): 1-5.

SUN Jing, YANG Yun-long, LIU Rong-zhi, YU Hong, LU Tie-gang. Strengthening Fundamental Research on Photosynthesis to Support Crop Breeding for High Yield[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(10): 1-5.

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加强高光效基础研究，支撑作物高产育种

Strengthening Fundamental Research on Photosynthesis to Support Crop Breeding for High Yield

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