马铃薯核心MADS-box转录因子进化特性与功能预测

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1350

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的 MADS-box转录因子家族广泛参与植物的生长发育、花器官形成等过程。系统分析51份马铃薯基因组中核心MADS-box转录因子的功能，为马铃薯分子育种提供理论依据与基因资源。方法基于33份野生和18份栽培二倍体马铃薯的全基因组数据，鉴定核心MADS-box基因，通过生物信息学分析其理化性质、系统发育关系、染色体分布及保守结构域；通过GO富集并结合转录组数据及RT-qPCR技术解析其表达模式、外源激素处理，与主粮作物中功能明确的同源基因进行比对，推断其生物学功能，最后与近缘物种进行共线性分析。结果在51份二倍体马铃薯中鉴定出95个共有MADS-box基因，即核心基因，分为I型（Mα，Mβ，Mγ）与II型（MIKC*，MIKCc）两大亚家族。理化性质分析显示该家族蛋白普遍为亲水性不稳定蛋白。系统发育与结构分析表明，各亚家族具有特征性基序与结构域。染色体定位发现基因在Chr01、Chr04、Chr05和Chr12染色体上成簇分布。GO富集分析表明该家族参与花器官发育及激素响应等过程。表达模式分析显示多个MIKC^c型基因在花芽、匍匐茎等组织中特异性表达。激素响应分析揭示，关键候选基因的表达受GA₃抑制而被ABA诱导。与水稻OsMADS29等功能基因的系统发育比较揭示部分基因可能参与块茎发育与产量形成。共线性分析揭示马铃薯与近缘物种之间存在37个共有的MADS-box基因，部分基因出现易位变异。结论马铃薯MADS-box基因家族在进化中保持调控花和块茎发育的保守功能。筛选出的候选基因如DM8C02G24490.1、DM8C03G29590.1等种子发育与块茎形成相关基因，为后续功能验证与育种改良提供了重要靶点。

关键词: 马铃薯, 转录因子, MADS-box, 基因家族, 块茎发育

Abstract:

Objective The MADS-box transcription factor family is widely involved in plant growth, development, and floral organ formation. This study systematically analyzes the function of core MADS-box transcription factors across 51 potato genomes, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and genetic resources for molecular breeding in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Method Based on whole-genome data from 33 wild and 18 cultivated diploid potatoes, core MADS-box genes were identified. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distribution, and conserved domains. Expression patterns were analyzed by integrating transcriptome data and RT-qPCR. Their biological functions were inferred through GO enrichment analysis, exogenous hormone treatment, and comparison with functionally characterized homologous genes from major crops. Collinearity analysis was also performed on closely related species. Result A total of 95 common MADS-box genes, referred to as core genes, were identified across 51 diploid potatoes, classified into two major subfamilies: Type I (Mα, Mβ, Mγ) and Type II (MIKC*, MIKCc). Physicochemical analysis indicated that these proteins are generally hydrophilic and unstable. Phylogenetic and structural analyses revealed that each subfamily possesses characteristic motifs and domains. Chromosomal mapping showed that the genes are clustered on chromosomes Chr01, Chr04, Chr05, and Chr12. Expression pattern analysis indicated that several MIKC^c-type genes are specifically expressed in floral buds, stolons, and other tissues. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that this family is involved in floral organ development and hormone response processes. Hormone response analysis revealed that the expressions of key candidate genes are suppressed by GA₃ and induced by ABA. Phylogenetic comparison with functional genes such as OsMADS29 from rice suggested that some genes may participate in tuber development and yield formation. Collinearity analysis revealed 37 conserved MADS-box genes between potato and its close relatives, with some genes exhibiting translocation variations. Conclusion The MADS-box gene family in potatoes retains conserved functions in regulating floral and tuber development during evolution. Candidate genes such as DM8C02G24490.1 and DM8C03G29590.1, which are associated with seed development and tuber formation, provide important targets for subsequent functional validation and breeding improvement.

Key words: potato, transcription factor, MADS-box, gene family, tuber development

董亚瑞, 栗锦烨, 崔庆晗, 贾玉鑫. 马铃薯核心MADS-box转录因子进化特性与功能预测[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(6): 64-76.

DONG Ya-rui, LI Jin-ye, CUI Qing-han, JIA Yu-xin. Evolutionary Characteristics and Functional Inferences of Core MADS-box Transcription Factors in Potato[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(6): 64-76.

图/表 10

图1 MADS-box基因家族在多种马铃薯种质资源中的分布情况

Fig. 1 Distribution of MADS-box gene family in various potato germplasm resources

图2 马铃薯核心MADS-box系统发育关系

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic relationship of the core MADS-box in potato

图3 马铃薯核心MADS-box基因的特征

Fig. 3 Characteristics of the core MADS-box genes in potato

图4 马铃薯核心MADS-box基因的染色体分布

Fig. 4 Chromosomal distribution of core MADS-box genes in potato

图5 马铃薯核心MADS-box转录因子GO富集分析

Fig. 5 GO enrichment analysis of core MADS-box transcription factors in potato

图6 不同光周期条件下马铃薯核心MADS-box基因的组织表达模式

Fig. 6 Tissue expression patterns of core MADS-box genes in potato under different photoperiods

图7 MADS-box基因在特定光照条件下的相对表达水平（A）及响应GA3和ABA处理的表达模式（B）

Fig. 7 Relative expressions of MADS-box genes under specific light conditions (A) and their expression patterns in response to GA3 and ABA treatments (A)

图8 基因在花和块茎发育过程中的相对表达水平F1：花序发育期；F2：花器官形成期；F3：花蕾成熟期；F4：开花期；F5：受精与结实期；F6：落花期；S1：匍匐茎起始期；S2：块茎起始期；S3：块茎器官建成期

Fig. 8 Relative expressions of genes MADS-box during flower and tuber developmentF1: Inflorescence development stage. F2: Flower organ formation stage. F3: Flower bud maturation stage. F4: Flowering stage; F5: Fertilization and fruit-setting stage. F6: Flower abscission stage. S1: Stolon initiation stage. S2: Tuber initiation stage. S3: Tuber organ establishment stage

图9 马铃薯核心MADS-box基因与已知功能的水稻、玉米及小麦MADS-box基因的系统发育关系

Fig. 9 Phylogenetic relationship of the core MADS-box genes in potato with the known functional MADS-box genes in rice, corn and wheat

图10 番茄、马铃薯和Etuberosum中核心MADS-box基因的共线性分析

Fig. 10 Co-linearity analysis of core MADS-box genes in tomato, potato and Etuberosum

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