黄精茯苓联用预防脾虚便秘的肠道微生态机理研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1456

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨黄精-茯苓联用对脾虚便秘的预防效应及机制，为中医药“治未病”理论提供实验依据。方法将30只SPF级昆明（KM）小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、黄精茯苓组（1∶3）。采用预防性给药方式，黄精茯苓组每日灌胃药液（1.95 g/（kg·d），2次/d），持续29 d；模型组和正常组给予等体积无菌水。造模阶段（持续15 d），模型组和黄精茯苓组通过番泻叶灌胃、限制饮水及喂食低纤维饲料建立脾虚便秘模型。实验结束后，检测粪便含水率、血清胃肠动力激素（MTL、CCK、5-HT、VIP）含量、结肠病理变化、肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，以及肠道菌群结构和功能。结果黄精茯苓组粪便含水率高于模型组；血清5-HT含量高于模型组（P=0.05），VIP含量显著低于模型组（P=0.013），MTL含量极显著高于模型组（P<0.001），CCK含量显著高于模型组（P=0.018）；肝脏MDA含量显著低于模型组（P=0.030），SOD活性极显著高于模型组（P<0.01）；结肠黏膜结构完整，杯状细胞数量多于模型组；肠道菌群多样性趋近正常组，Actinobacteriota（P<0.001）、Bifidobacterium等有益菌丰度显著高于模型组，Proteobacteria、Escherichia_Shigella等有害菌丰度显著低于模型组（P=0.040、P=0.037）；肠道菌群功能预测显示，氨基酸代谢、能量代谢等通路丰度恢复，环境应激适应相关通路异常激活被抑制。结论黄精茯苓（1∶3）联用预防性干预可改善脾虚便秘小鼠的一般状态和粪便性状，增强胃肠动力，减轻氧化应激损伤，保护结肠黏膜结构，并调节肠道菌群失衡，提示其对脾虚便秘具有一定预防作用。

关键词: 黄精, 茯苓, 脾虚便秘, 肠道菌群, 氧化应激, 胃肠动力

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the preventive effect and mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos (1∶3) compatibility on constipation due to ‘pi’ deficiency, and to provide experimental evidence for the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of “treating disease before it arises.” Methods Thirty SPF-grade KM mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and a Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group (1∶3). Using a preventive administration method, the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group was intragastrically administered the medicinal liquid (1.95 g/(kg·d), twice daily) for 29 consecutive days; the model group and the normal group were given an equal volume of sterile water. During the 15-day modeling phase, the constipation due to ‘pi’ deficiency model was established in the model group and the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group by intragastric administration of Folium Sennae decoction, restriction of water intake, and a low-fiber diet. After the experiment, fecal water content, serum gastrointestinal motility hormone (MTL, CCK, 5-HT, VIP) levels, colonic pathological changes, hepatic MDA content and SOD activity, and intestinal microbiota structure and function were measured. Results The fecal water content of the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group was higher than that of the model group. Serum 5-HT content was higher than that of the model group (P=0.05), VIP content was significantly lower (P=0.013), MTL content was significantly higher (P<0.001), and CCK content was significantly higher (P=0.018) than that of the model group. Hepatic MDA content was significantly lower than that of the model group (P=0.030), and SOD activity was significantly higher (P<0.01); the colonic mucosal structure was intact, and the number of goblet cells was greater than that in the model group; the diversity of the intestinal microbiota approached that of the normal group, and the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Actinobacteriota (P<0.001) and Bifidobacterium was significantly higher than that in the model group, while the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Escherichia_Shigella was significantly lower than that in the model group (P=0.040, P=0.037). Functional prediction of the intestinal microbiota indicated that the abundance of pathways such as amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism was restored, and the abnormal activation of pathways related to environmental stress adaptation was inhibited. Conclusion Preventive intervention with the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos (1∶3) combination improved the general condition and fecal characteristics of mice with constipation due to ‘pi’ deficiency, enhanced gastrointestinal motility, alleviated oxidative stress, protected colonic mucosal structure, and regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings suggest that this combination has a preventive effect against constipation due to ‘pi’ deficiency.

Key words: Polygonatum sibiricum, Poria cocos, constipation due to ‘pi’ deficiency, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, gastrointestinal motility

孙贤庆, 肖嫩群, 谭周进. 黄精茯苓联用预防脾虚便秘的肠道微生态机理研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(7): 328-340.

SUN Xian-qing, XIAO Nen-qun, TAN Zhou-jin. A Study on the Gut Microbiome Mechanism of the Combination of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos for Prevention of Constipation due to ‘Pi’ Deficiency[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(7): 328-340.

图/表 8

图1 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠一般体征、粪便特征及含水率的影响A-C：造模后小鼠粪便性状及活动状态；D-F：小鼠不同时间点的体重；G：造模后小鼠粪便含水率。NC：正常组；MD：模型组；HFC：黄精茯苓组，下同

Fig. 1 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on general signs, fecal characteristics, and water content in miceA-C: Fecal characteristics and general activity status of mice after modeling; D-F: body weight of mice at different time points; G: fecal water content of mice after modeling. NC: Normal control group; MD: model group; HFC: Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group. The same below

图2 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠血清中5-HT、VIP、MTL、CCK含量的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on serum levels of 5-HT, VIP, MTL, and CCK in mice

图3 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠肝脏组织中MDA含量、SOD活性的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on MDA content and SOD activity in mouse liver tissue

图4 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠肠道组织形态及功能的影响A：各组小鼠肠道病理结构特征；B：小鼠结肠隐窝长度；C：小鼠结肠杯状细胞数量

Fig. 4 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on the morphology and function of mouse intestinal tissueA： Histopathological features of the intestine in mice from each group； B： crypt length in the colon of mice； C： number of goblet cells in the colon of mice

图5 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠肠道菌群组成的影响A：NMDS分析；B：PCoA分析；C：三元相图；D：门水平物种丰度柱形图；E：属水平物种进化树；F：Campylobacterota、Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Actinobacteriota、Escherichia_Shigella各组间相对丰度比较

Fig. 5 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on the gut microbiota composition of miceA: NMDS analysis; B: PCoA analysis; C: Ternary plot; D: bar plot of species abundance at the phylum level; E: phylogenetic tree at the genus level; F: comparison of the relative abundances of Campylobacterota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Escherichia_Shigella among groups

图6 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠肠道特征菌群的影响A：正常组与模型组特征菌群比较分析；B：正常组与黄精茯苓组特征菌群比较分析；C：模型组与黄精茯苓组特征菌群比较分析；D：三组特征菌群比较分析；E：LEfSe进化分支图

Fig. 6 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on gut microbial communities in miceA: Comparative analysis of differential bacterial taxa between the normal control group and the model group; B: comparative analysis of differential bacterial taxa between the normal control group and the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group; C: comparative analysis of differential bacterial taxa between the model group and the Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos group; D: comparative analysis of differential bacterial taxa among the three groups; E: LEfSe cladogram

图7 黄精茯苓联用对小鼠肠道菌群功能的影响A：PICRUSt2 pathways；B：KEGG level-1；C：KEGG level-2；D：KEGG level-3

Fig. 7 Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum and Poria cocos combination on gut microbiota function in mice

图8 小鼠肠道菌群与脾虚便秘相关因子的相互关系A：门水平相关因子热图；B：属水平相关因子热图；C：CCA Plot图

Fig. 8 Correlation between mouse gut microbiota and constipation due to 'pi' deficiencyA: Heatmap of correlation factors at the phylum level; B: heatmap of correlation factors at the genus level; C: CCA plot

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