Regulation of Nitrogen Application on Peanut Seed Germination and Spermosphere Bacterial Community Structure Under Salt Stress

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0753

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Salt stress affects seed germination and peanut growth, and the internal regulatory mechanism of increasing seed germination rate and peanut yield by appropriate fertilization under salt stress was elucidated, and the relationship between the process and the bacterial structure of peanut spermosphere soil was analyzed, so as to provide theoretical and technical basis for improving peanut emergence and health rate, salt tolerance and stress resistance and peanut production capacity by regulating the microenvironment in spermosphere soil.【Method】 We set up three nitrogen levels of 0, 90, and 180 kg/hm² with a salt-tolerant peanut variety（Huayu 25, HY25）as experimental materials. Potted experiments and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the spermosphere bacterial community structure, germination and yield of peanut under salt stress.【Result】 The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the germination rate and peanut yield, and the optimal nitrogen application was 90 kg/hm². Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant phyla in peanut spermosphere soil of different groups via 16S rRNA sequence. At the genus level, salt stress increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, but induced a large number of harmful Streptococcus, whereas the relative abundance of the beneficial bacteria genera Bacillus, Sphingomonas, and Lysobacter decreased. Nitrogen application under salt stress may improve the spermosphere soil microenvironment and increase the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas, which is helpful to soil restoration and fertility improvement, and can also enhance the stress resistance of peanuts.【Conclusion】 Appropriate nitrogen application under salt stress increases the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria in the spermosphere soil, thus which may improve the germination rate and salt tolerance, and finally increase the peanut yield under salt stress.

Key words: peanut（Arachis hypogaea L.）, salt stress, germination rate, yield, spermosphere, bacterial community structure

XU Yang, ZHANG Rui-ying, DAI Liang-xiang, ZHANG Guan-chu, DING Hong, ZHANG Zhi-meng. Regulation of Nitrogen Application on Peanut Seed Germination and Spermosphere Bacterial Community Structure Under Salt Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(2): 253-265.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on peanut germination under salt stress CN: No N-applied under normal condition; CM: 90 kg/hm2 N-applied under normal condition; CH: 180 kg/hm2 N-applied under normal condition; SN: no N-applied under salt stress; SM: 90 kg/hm2 N-applied under salt stress; SH: 180 kg/hm2 N-applied under salt stress. The same below

Table 1 Statistics of yield components of peanut under different treatments

处理 Treatment	编号缩写 Abbreviation	单株荚果数 Number of pods per plant	百果重 100 pods weight/g	百仁重 100 seeds weight/g	出米率 Kernel percentage/%
正常 Normal condition	CN	20.84±0.30b	190.21±0.42b	77.13±0.45b	68.19±0.77b
	CM	22.87±0.54a	206.22±0.66a	82.97±0.67a	72.63±0.36a
	CH	21.95±0.054a	207.05±0.42a	84.05±0.59a	73.53±0.34a
盐胁迫 Salt stress	SN	17.08±0.19c	169.53±1.07d	69.28±0.85d	64.16±0.13c
	SM	17.94±0.19c	184.90±1.40c	75.42±0.65c	68.67±0.56b
	SH	17.48±0.12c	185.74±0.85c	75.44±0.63c	68.93±0.27b

Fig. 2 α diversity analysis A: Rarefaction curve. B: Rank abundance curve. C: Species accumulation curves. CK: Bulk soil; CNS: no N-applied spermosphere soil under normal condition; CMS: 90 kg/hm2 N-applied spermosphere soil under normal condition; CHS: 180 kg/hm2 N-applied spermosphere soil under normal condition; SNS: no N-applied spermosphere soil under salt stress; SMS: 90 kg/hm2 N-applied spermosphere soil under salt stress; SHS: 180 kg/hm2 N-applied spermosphere soil under salt stress

Fig. 3 β diversity analysis A: Principal component analysis. B: Hierarchical clustering tree analysis. C: ANOIMS analysis

Fig. 4 Comparison of species composition and differences between diverse groups A: Percentage of species composition at the phylum level. B: Percentage of species composition at the class level. C: Percentage of species composition at the order level. D: Percentage of species composition at the family level

Fig. 5 Comparison of bacterial composition and differences between diverse groups at the genus level A: Percentage of bacterial composition at the genus level; B: heatmap analysis

Fig. 6 Lefse hierarchical tree of species

Fig. 7 KEGG analysis of metabolic functional features of the peanut spermosphere bacterial community

Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis A: RDA analysis of bacterial communities and environmental factors at phylum level. B: RDA analysis of bacterial communities and environmental factors at genus level

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