Advance on Research of Ginsenoside CK

Abstract

Abstract: Ginsenoside CK［20-O-β-(D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol］is the main metabolite of the protopanaxadioltype of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in human intestine and it belongs to the rare ginsenoside. The unique biological activity of ginsenoside CKhas attracted more and more attention from the people. The studies on ginsenoside CK progressively increased recently. This paper reviewed theadvance on research of pharmacological activity and preparation methods of ginsenoside CK.

Key words: Ginsenoside compound K , Pharmacological activity , Microbial transformation , Enzyme transformation

Yu Lei, Li Chenglong, Yu Shanshan,. Advance on Research of Ginsenoside CK[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2013, 0(1): 31-35.

References

[1] 田晓明. 吉林人参破困局[N]. 人民日报, 2011-11-27（005）.
[2] 王毅, 刘铁汉, 王巍, 等. 肠内菌群对人参皂苷Rg1 的代谢转化作用的研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2001, 36（3）：188 -190.
[3] 弓晓杰. 人参皂苷酶代谢产物化学修饰及其抗癌活性研究[D].长春：吉林农业大学, 2004.
[4] Kim MW, Ko SR, Choi KJ, et al. Distribution of saponin in varioussections of Panax ginseng root and changes of it scontents accordingto root age[J]. Korean J Ginseng Sci , 1987, 11（1）：10-61.
[5] Karikura M, Miyase T, Tanizawa H, et al. Studies on absorption,distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins.VII.Comparison of the decomposition models of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2in the digestive tract of rats[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1991, 39（9）：2357-2361.
[6] Hasegawa H, Sung JH, Matsumiya S, et al. Main ginseng saponinmetabolites formed by intestinal bacteria[J]. Planta Med, 1996,62（5）：453-457.
[7] Hasegawa H, Sung JH, Benno Y. Role of human intestinal Prevotellaorisin hydrolyzing ginseng saponins[J]. Planta Med, 1997, 63（5）：436-440.
[8] Wang CZ, Kim KE, Du GJ, et al. Ultra-performance liquidchromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis ofginsenoside metabolites in human plasma[J]. Am J Chin Med,2011 ：39（6）：1161-1171.
[9] Kang XP, Chen JB, Qin Q, et al. Isatis tinctoria L.combined with costimulatorymolecules blockade prolongs survival of cardiac allograftsin alloantigen-primed mice[J].Transplant Immunology, 2010,23 ：34-39.
[10] Cho SH, Chung KS, Choi JH, et al. Compound K, a metaboliteof ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis via caspase-8-dependentpathway in HL-60 human leukemia cells[J]. BMC Cancer, 2009,9 ：449.
[11] Chae SW, Kang KA, Chang WY, et al. Effect of compound K, ametabolite of ginseng saponin, combined with γ-ray radiation inhuman lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo[J]. J Agric FoodChem, 2009, 57 ：5777-5782.
[12] Wang CZ, Du GJ, Zhang Z, et al. Ginsenoside compound K, notRb1, possesses potential chemopreventive activities in humancolorectal cancer[J]. Int J Oncol, 2012, 40（6）：1970-1976.
[13] Park S, Lee HJ, Jeong SJ, et al. Inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 signalingmediates compound K-induced apoptosis in human multiplemyeloma U266 cells[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2011, 49（6）：2013年第1期35 于雷等：人参皂苷CK 的研究进展1367-72.
[14] Hu C, Song G, Zhang B, et al. Intestinal metabolite compound K ofpanaxoside inhibits the growth of gastric carcinoma by augmentingapoptosis via Bid-mediated mitochondrial pathway[J]. J Cell MolMed, 2012, 16（1）：96-106.
[15] Joh EH, Lee IA, Jung IH, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolitecompound K inhibit IRAK-1 activation—The key step of inflammation[J]. Biochem Pharmacol, 2011, 82 ：278-286.
[16] Park JS, Shin JA, Jung JS, et al. Anti-inflammatory mechanism ofcompound k in activated microglia and its neuroprotective effect onexperimental stroke in mice[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2012,341（1）：59-67.
[17] Shin YW, Bae EA, Kim SS, et al. Effect of ginsenosideRb1 andcompoundK in chronicoxazolone-induced mouse dermatitis[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2005, 5 ：1183-1191.
[18] He DW, Sun JZ, Zhu XD, et al. Compound K Increases Type IProcollagen level and decreases matrix metalloproteinase-1 activityand level in Ultraviolet-A-irradiated fibroblasts[J]. J FormosMed Assoc, 2011, 110（3）：153-160.
[19] Tsutsumi YM, Tsutsumi R, Mawatari K, et al. Compound K, a metaboliteof ginsenosides, induces cardiac protection mediatednitricoxide via Akt/PI3K pathway[J]. Life Sciences, 2011, 88 ：725-729.
[20] Gao YL, Liu ZF, Li CM, et al. Subchronic toxicity studies with ginsenosidecompound K delivered to dogs via intravenous administration[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2011, 49（8）：1857-1862.
[21] Wang L, Baek SH, Lee ST. Microbial conversion of major ginsenosidesto minor pharmacological ginsenoside compound-K by Sphingomonassp.ZY-3
[C]. International Conference on Bioscience,Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Singapore ：IACSIT Press, 2011.
[22] Zhou W, Yan Q, Li JY, et al. Biotransformation of Panax notoginsengsaponins into ginsenoside compound K production by Paecilomycesbainier sp. 229[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2008, 104（3）：699-706.
[23] 杨元超, 王英平, 闫梅霞, 等. 人参皂苷compound K 转化菌株的筛选[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2011, 36（12）：1596-1598.
[24] 崔宇, 姜彬慧, 韩颖, 等. 微生物对人参果总皂苷中人参皂苷化合物CK 的转化作用[J]. 中草药, 2007, 38（2）：189-193.
[25] 侯耀达, 费丽坤, 尹成日. 微生物转化人参根总皂苷为稀有皂苷C-K 和Rh1[J]. 延边大学农学学报, 2011, 33（2）：108-111.
[26] Chi H, Ji GE. Transformation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Re fromPanax ginseng by food microorganisms[J]. Biotechnol Lett,2005, 27（11）：765-71.
[27] 姜彬慧, 韩颖, 赵余庆, 等. 酶转化三七叶总皂苷制备人参皂苷C-K 的工艺优化[J]. 中草药, 2004, 35（9）：986-988.
[28] Yan Q, ZhouU W, Shi XL, et al. Biotransformation pathwaysof ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K by β-glucosidases in fungusPaecilomyces Bainier sp.229[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2010,45 ：1550-1556.
[29] Noh KH, Son JW, Kim HJ, et al. Ginsenoside compound K productionfrom ginseng root extract by a thermostable β-Glycosidase fromSulfolobus solfataricus[J]. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2009, 73（2）：316-321.
[30] 李翠翠, 庄子瑜, 刘延强, 等. 转化人参二醇类皂苷为CK 的特异人参皂苷糖苷酶的纯化及性质[J]. 大连工业大学学报,2010, 29（1）：11-14.
[31] Noh KH, Oh DK. Production of the rare ginsenosides compound K,compound Y, and compound Mc by a thermostable beta-glycosidasefrom Sulfolobus acidocaldarius[J]. Biol Pharm Bull, 2009, 32（11）：1830-1835.
[32] Noh KH, Son JW, Kim HJ, et al. Ginsenoside compound K productionfrom ginseng Root Extract by a thermostable-glycosidasefrom Sulfolobus solfataricus[J]. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,2009, 73（2）：316-321.
[33] Yoo MH, Yeom SJ, Park CS, et al. Production of aglycon protopanaxadiolvia compound K by a themostable β-glycosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2011, 89（4）, 1019-1028.
[34] 赵萧萧, 王际辉, 叶淑红, 等. 人参茎叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国酿造, 2009, 3（204）：56-58.
[35] 徐云凤, 赵雨, 张惠, 等. 人参蛋白对小鼠的耐缺氧及抗氧化作用[J]. 食品科技, 2012, 37（3）：79-82.
[36] 谢宏, 赵凡, 李文研. 冷榨人参籽油与热榨人参籽油的品质比较[J]. 中国油脂, 2011, 36（12）：77-79.