Global Status on Low Level Presence of Genetically Modified Crops

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017.03.001

Abstract

Abstract: Over the last two decades,the land area under cultivation with genetically modified organisms（GMOs）has been growing steadily,and the amount and speed of circulation of many GM products in international trade tend to be rising. The issue that low content of GMO in non-GM product occurred in different countries and regions,i.e.,low level presence（LLP）of transgenic components has been increasingly serious. Considering this issue,this article expounds the definitions of LLP in seven different countries and regions（organizations）,and analyzes the common characteristics;then summarizes the current policies in every country,the threshold of LLP,and the effects of LLP on import and export trade. This study would provide the basic information for the relevant policies and detection standards for China.

Key words: genetically modified crops, low level presence, adventitious presence, threshold

LIU Fang-fang, DONG Mei, LI Kai, WAN Yu-song, JIN Wu-jun, LI Liang. Global Status on Low Level Presence of Genetically Modified Crops[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(3): 1-5.

References

[1] FAO. Low levels of GM crops in international food and feed trade：FAO international survey and economic analysis[R]. Technical consultation on low levels of genetically modified（GM）crops in international food and feed trade, Rome, 2014.
[2] 徐丽丽, 李宁, 田志宏. 转基因产品低水平混杂问题研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 29（2）：129-131.
[3] Codex Alimentarius Commission. Annex 3：Food Safety Assessment in Situations of Low-Level Presence of Recombinant-DNA Plant Material in Food：CAC/GL 45-2003[R]. WHO, Geneva, 2008.
[4] OECD. Low level presence of transgenic plants in seed and grain commodities：environmental risk/safety assessment, and availability and use of information[R]. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 2013.
[5] APHIS. Low-level presence[R]. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 2007.
[6] European Union. Europa. Questions and Answers on the Low Level Presence（LLP）of GMOs in Feed Imports. Brussels：EU, 2011.
[7] Bergeron, É. Low-level presence policy review and international engagement[C]. Presentation at the Canadian Seed Trade Association’s 89th annual meeting, Charlottetown. 2012.
[8] CropLife International, Adventitious Presence or Low Level Presence[R]. Brussels, 2008.
[9] Masami Takeuchi. Background information：Working definitions of low level presence（LLP）and adventitious presence[R]. Agricu- lture and Consumer Protection Department. FAO, Rome, 2014.
[10] Ryan CD, Smyth SJ. Economic implications of low-level presence in a zero-tolerance European import market：the case of Canadian triffid flax[J]. AgBioForum, 2012（15）：21-30.
[11] Tranberg J. Developing a policy for low-level presence（LLP）：a Canadian case study[J]. AgBioForum, 2013（16）：37-45.
[12] FDA. Guidance for industry：Recommendations for the early food safety evaluation of new nonpesticidal proteins produced by new plant varieties intended for food use[R]. United States Federal Department of Agriculture. Washington DC, 2006.
[13] 徐丽丽, 付仲文. 国外转基因作物混杂安全管理及对我国的启示[J]. 价格理论与实践, 2012（1）：51-52.
[14] Buckwell A. Economics of identity preservation for genetically modified crops[J]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 1999, 35（5）：156-157.
[15] FAO. The results of the FAO survey on low levels of genetically modified（GM）crops in international food and feed trade[R]. Technical consultation on low levels of genetically modified（GM）crops in international food and feed trade. Rome, 2014.