Research Progress in Second-generation Fuel Ethanol Technology Based on Poplar（Populus sp.）

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0121

Abstract

Abstract:

As a cheap and abundant renewable raw material, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into cellulosic fuel ethanol through pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation, etc., which has widely attracted attention in recent decades. Poplar is a kind of fast-growing hardwood that is widely artificially cultivated and is mainly used in papermaking industry. Poplar is considered as an excellent lignocellulosic material for the production of cellulosic ethanol due to its high contents in cellulose and hemicellulose components. The application of poplar in cellulosic ethanol production was focused on in this paper, including briefly introducing the composition and structural characteristics of poplar, and importantly overviewing the research progress of poplar in pretreatment technology, enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreatment raw materials and microbial fermentation and so on. Finally, the technical obstacles and difficulties restricting the application of poplar in cellulosic ethanol industry were summarized, and the corresponding countermeasures were analyzed and the application were prospected.

Key words: poplar component, pretreatment, enzymolysis, mixed sugar fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

XU Fa-di, XU Kang, SUN Dong-ming, LI Meng-lei, ZHAO Jian-zhi, BAO Xiao-ming. Research Progress in Second-generation Fuel Ethanol Technology Based on Poplar（Populus sp.）[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(9): 27-39.

Figures/Tables 5

References 73

[1]	Ramamurthy PC, Singh S, Kapoor D, et al. Microbial biotechnological approaches: renewable bioprocessing for the future energy systems[J]. Microb Cell Fact, 2021, 20(1): 55. doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01547-w pmid: 33653344
[2]	Ahmad A, Muria SR, Tuljannah M. Production of second generation bioethanol from palm fruit fiber biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. J Phys: Conf Ser, 2019, 1295(1): 012030. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1295/1/012030
[3]	Branco R, Serafim L, Xavier A. Second generation bioethanol production: on the use of pulp and paper industry wastes as feedstock[J]. Fermentation, 2018, 5(1): 4. doi: 10.3390/fermentation5010004 URL
[4]	Ouyang SP, Qiao H, Xu Q, et al. Development of two-step pretreatment of Chinese fir sawdust using dilute sulfuric acid followed by sodium chlorite for bioethanol production[J]. Cellulose, 2019, 26(15): 8513-8524. doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02519-5
[5]	Bay MS, Karimi K, Nasr Esfahany M, et al. Structural modification of pine and poplar wood by alkali pretreatment to improve ethanol production[J]. Ind Crops Prod, 2020, 152: 112506. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112506 URL
[6]	Yang MY, Lan M, Gao XF, et al. Sequential dilute acid/alkali pretreatment of corncobs for ethanol production[J]. Energy Sources A Recovery Util Environ Eff, 2021, 43(14): 1769-1778.
[7]	Mkabayi L, Malgas S, Wilhelmi BS, et al. Evaluating feruloyl esterase-xylanase synergism for hydroxycinnamic acid and xylo-oligosaccharide production from untreated, hydrothermally pre-treated and dilute-acid pre-treated corn cobs[J]. Agronomy, 2020, 10(5): 688. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10050688 URL
[8]	Zhao QH, Wang L, Chen HZ. Effect of novel pretreatment of steam explosion associated with ammonium sulfite process on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw[J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2019, 189(2): 485-497. doi: 10.1007/s12010-019-03018-w pmid: 31049884
[9]	Hemansi, Gupta R, Aswal VK, et al. Sequential dilute acid and alkali deconstruction of sugarcane bagasse for improved hydrolysis: insight from small angle neutron scattering(SANS)[J]. Renew Energy, 2020, 147: 2091-2101. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.003 URL
[10]	尹艺冉, 王进, 彭书传, 等. 酸处理菹草制备生物乙醇和甲烷过程研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2015, 38(1): 103-108.
	Yin YR, Wang J, Peng SC, et al. Research on preparation process of bio-ethanol and methane with acid pretreated curly-leaf pondweed[J]. J Hefei Univ Technol Nat Sci, 2015, 38(1): 103-108.
[11]	陈乐, 左然然, 李建安, 等. 狼尾草高底物同步糖化乙醇发酵全残留物产甲烷特性研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(3): 345-350.
	Chen L, Zuo RR, Li JA, et al. Methane production characteristics of stillage from ethanol fermentation of Pennisetum purpereum[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sin, 2020, 41(3): 345-350.
[12]	Zhang JZ, Qu XX, Zhu GY, et al. An optimum combined hydrolysis factor enhances hybrid Pennisetum pretreatment in bio-conversion[J]. Cellulose, 2019, 26(15): 8439-8451. doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02561-3
[13]	田芳, 李凡, 袁敬伟, 等. 纤维素乙醇产业现状及关键过程技术难点[J]. 当代化工, 2019, 48(9): 2051-2056.
	Tian F, Li F, Yuan JW, et al. Industrialization status and key process technical difficulties of cellulose ethanol[J]. Contemp Chem Ind, 2019, 48(9): 2051-2056.
[14]	Straub CT, Khatibi PA, Wang JP, et al. Quantitative fermentation of unpretreated transgenic poplar by Caldicellulosiruptor bescii[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 3548. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11376-6
[15]	Sánchez ÓJ, Cardona CA. Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2008, 99(13): 5270-5295. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.013 URL
[16]	Bonawitz ND, Chapple C. Can genetic engineering of lignin deposition be accomplished without an unacceptable yield penalty?[J]. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 2013, 24(2): 336-343. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.11.004 URL
[17]	Ying WJ, Xu Y, Zhang JH. Effect of sulfuric acid on production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid-pretreated poplar[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2021, 321: 124472. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124472 URL
[18]	陈胜杰, 高翔, 袁戎宇. 玉米秸秆生产燃料乙醇的SHF发酵工艺优化[J]. 发酵科技通讯, 2020, 49(1): 32-36, 53
	Chen SJ, Gao X, Yuan RY. Optimizing the SHF fermentation process to increase production of fuel ethanol based on corn stover[J]. Fajiao Keji Tongxun, 2020, 49(1): 32-36, 53
[19]	Jing YY, Li F, Li YM, et al. Biohydrogen production by deep eutectic solvent delignification-driven enzymatic hydrolysis and photo-fermentation: effect of liquid-solid ratio[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2022, 349: 126867. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126867 URL
[20]	Zhu SD, Huang WX, Huang WJ, et al. Coproduction of xylose, lignosulfonate and ethanol from wheat straw[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2015, 185: 234-239. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.115 URL
[21]	Meenakshisundaram S, Fayeulle A, Leonard E, et al. Fiber degradation and carbohydrate production by combined biological and chemical/physicochemical pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass-A review[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2021, 331: 125053. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125053 URL
[22]	Vermaas JV, Petridis L, Qi XH, et al. Mechanism of lignin inhibition of enzymatic biomass deconstruction[J]. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2015, 8(1): 1-16. doi: 10.1186/s13068-014-0179-6 URL
[23]	Rivas S, Rigual V, Domínguez JC, et al. A biorefinery strategy for the manufacture and characterization of oligosaccharides and antioxidants from poplar hemicelluloses[J]. Food Bioprod Process, 2020, 123: 398-408. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.07.018 URL
[24]	Tan LP, Liu ZY, Zhang TT, et al. Enhanced enzymatic digestibility of poplar wood by quick hydrothermal treatment[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2020, 302: 122795. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122795 URL
[25]	苏秀茹, 傅英娟, 李宗全, 等. 木质素的分离提取与高值化应用研究进展[J]. 大连工业大学学报, 2021, 40(2): 107-115.
	Su XR, Fu YJ, Li ZQ, et al. Research progress on extraction and high-value application of lignin[J]. J Dalian Polytech Univ, 2021, 40(2): 107-115.
[26]	孙卓华, 王雪琪, 袁同琦. 基于木质素优先降解策略的木质素高值化利用研究进展[J]. 林业工程学报, 2022, 7(4): 1-12.
	Sun ZH, Wang XQ, Yuan TQ. Recent advances in valorization of lignin based on the lignin-first depolymerization strategy[J]. J For Eng, 2022, 7(4): 1-12.
[27]	Liu W, Wu RJ, Hu YY, et al. Improving enzymatic hydrolysis of mechanically refined poplar branches with assistance of hydrothermal and Fenton pretreatment[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2020, 316: 123920. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123920 URL
[28]	李亚茹, 时君友, 宋晓敏, 等. 玉米秸秆组分分离预处理方法的研究进展[J]. 林产工业, 2021, 58(10): 73-76, 79.
	Li YR, Shi JY, Song XM, et al. Research progress on separation and pretreatment methods of corn straw components[J]. China For Prod Ind, 2021, 58(10): 73-76, 79.
[29]	Guo YJ, Huang JM, Xu N, et al. A detoxification-free process for enhanced ethanol production from corn fiber under semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation[J]. Front Microbiol, 2022, 13: 861918. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861918 URL
[30]	Ziegler-Devin I, Chrusciel L, Brosse N. Steam explosion pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: a mini-review of theorical and experimental approaches[J]. Front Chem, 2021, 9: 705358. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.705358 URL
[31]	Biswas R, Teller PJ, Khan MU, et al. Sugar production from hybrid poplar sawdust: optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and wet explosion pretreatment[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(15): 3396. doi: 10.3390/molecules25153396 URL
[32]	Tang Y, Dou XL, Hu JG, et al. Lignin sulfonation and SO₂ addition enhance the hydrolyzability of deacetylated and then steam-pretreated poplar with reduced inhibitor formation[J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2018, 184(1): 264-277. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2545-x
[33]	Zhu JY, Wan CX, Li YB. Enhanced solid-state anaerobic digestion of corn stover by alkaline pretreatment[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2010, 101(19): 7523-7528. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.060 URL
[34]	皮奇峰, 朱妤婷, 吕微, 等. 低共熔溶剂低温预处理杨木及三组分结构演变规律研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2021, 49(12): 1791-1801.
	Pi QF, Zhu YT, Lv W, et al. Low temperature pretreatment of poplar using deep eutectic solvent and the structural evolution of three components of poplar[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2021, 49(12): 1791-1801. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60086-5 URL
[35]	周敏姑, 郭英杰, 郝子越, 等. 氯化胆碱/乳酸低共熔溶剂预处理对杨木酶水解特性的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2020, 48(12): 55-63.
	Zhou MG, Guo YJ, Hao ZY, et al. Effects of choline chloride/lactic acid deep eutectic solvents pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar[J]. J Northwest A F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2020, 48(12): 55-63.
[36]	储秋露, 陈雪艳, 宋凯, 等. 两步法预处理对杨木酶水解及木质素吸附性能的影响[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2019, 39(6): 68-74.
	Chu QL, Chen XY, Song K, et al. Effects of two-stage pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar and adsorption performance of lignin[J]. Chem Ind For Prod, 2019, 39(6): 68-74.
[37]	Shi FX, Wang YJ, Davaritouchaee M, et al. Directional structure modification of poplar biomass-inspired high efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis by sequential dilute acid-alkali treatment[J]. ACS Omega, 2020, 5(38): 24780-24789. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03419 pmid: 33015496
[38]	Wen PY, Zhang T, Xu Y, et al. Co-production of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step acetic acid and sodium chlorite pretreatment[J]. Ind Crops Prod, 2020, 152: 112500. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112500 URL
[39]	Du J, Liang JR, Gao XH, et al. Optimization of an artificial cellulase cocktail for high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2020, 295: 122272. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122272 URL
[40]	宋晓菲, 冯超. 裂解性多糖单加氧酶及其应用研究进展[J]. 微生物学报, 2023. DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20220798.
	Song XF, Feng C. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and its application[J]. J Microbiol, 2023. DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20220798.
[41]	Pant S, Ritika, Nag P, et al. Employment of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei[J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2022, 60: 108022. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108022 URL
[42]	顾斌涛, 熊大维. 里氏木霉固态发酵产β-葡萄糖苷酶的研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2020, 48(18): 1-3.
	Gu BT, Xiong DW. Study on solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei to produce β-glucosidase[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2020, 48(18): 1-3.
[43]	刘国栋, 高丽伟, 曲音波. 青霉生产木质纤维素降解酶系的研究进展[J]. 生物工程学报, 2021, 37(3): 1058-1069.
	Liu GD, Gao LW, Qu YB. Progress in the production of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems using Penicillium species[J]. Chin J Biotechnol, 2021, 37(3): 1058-1069.
[44]	曲音波, 刘国栋, 赵建. 纤维素乙醇产业化的技术突破点之一——原料和预处理工艺特异性的高效纤维降解复合酶系就地生产[J]. 高科技与产业化, 2018(6): 64-68.
	Qu YB, Liu GD, Zhao J. One of the technical breakthroughs in the industrialization of cellulose ethanol—on-site production of high-efficiency fiber degradation complex enzyme system with specific raw materials and pretreatment process[J]. High Technol Commer, 2018(6): 64-68.
[45]	Ying WJ, Zhu JJ, Xu Y, et al. High solid loading enzymatic hydrolysis of acetic acid-peroxide/acetic acid pretreated poplar and cellulase recycling[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2021, 340: 125624. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125624 URL
[46]	da Silva AS, Espinheira RP, Teixeira RSS, et al. Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review[J]. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2020, 13: 58. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-01697-w pmid: 32211072
[47]	Vanmarcke G, Demeke MM, Foulquié-Moreno MR, et al. Identification of the major fermentation inhibitors of recombinant 2G yeasts in diverse lignocellulose hydrolysates[J]. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2021, 14(1): 92. doi: 10.1186/s13068-021-01935-9 pmid: 33836811
[48]	Hong JW, Gam DH, Kim JH, et al. Process development for the detoxification of fermentation inhibitors from acid pretreated microalgae hydrolysate[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(9): 2435. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092435 URL
[49]	Cámara E, Olsson L, Zrimec J, et al. Data mining of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered for increased tolerance towards inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates[J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2022, 57: 107947. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107947 URL
[50]	Abdulrahman A, van Walsum GP, Um BH. Acetic acid removal from pre-pulping wood extract with recovery and recycling of extraction solvents[J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2019, 187(1): 378-395. doi: 10.1007/s12010-018-2826-z pmid: 29961903
[51]	Mechmech F, Chadjaa H, Rahni M, et al. Improvement of butanol production from a hardwood hemicelluloses hydrolysate by combined sugar concentration and phenols removal[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2015, 192: 287-295. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.012 URL
[52]	Sarawan C, Suinyuy TN, Sewsynker-Sukai Y, et al. Optimized activated charcoal detoxification of acid-pretreated lignocellulosic substrate and assessment for bioethanol production[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2019, 286: 121403. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121403 URL
[53]	Zhang Y, Xia CL, Lu MM, et al. Effect of overliming and activated carbon detoxification on inhibitors removal and butanol fermentation of poplar prehydrolysates[J]. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2018, 11: 178. doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1182-0 pmid: 29983741
[54]	Kondaveeti S, Pagolu R, Patel SKS, et al. Bioelectrochemical detoxification of phenolic compounds during enzymatic pre-treatment of rice straw[J]. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019, 29(11): 1760-1768. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1909.09042 URL
[55]	张强, Thygesen A, Thomsen A. 不同脱毒方法对玉米秸秆水解液酒精发酵的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2011, 30(4): 739-742.
	Zhang Q, Thygesen A, Thomsen A. Effect of different detoxification methods on ethanol production from corn stover hydrolysate[J]. Chem Ind Eng Prog, 2011, 30(4): 739-742.
[56]	徐勇, 顾依娜, 范丽, 等. 杨木稀酸预处理液木糖发酵产乙醇工艺条件的研究[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2010, 30(3): 19-23.
	Xu Y, Gu YN, Fan L, et al. Study on the processing conditions of xylose fermentation to produce fuel ethanol from dilute-acid pretreated poplar[J]. Chem Ind For Prod, 2010, 30(3): 19-23.
[57]	Salcedo A. Short note on Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Fungal Genom Biol, 2022, 12(1): 1-2.
[58]	Baek SH, Kwon EY, Kim YH, et al. Metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution for efficient production of D-lactic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2016, 100(6): 2737-2748. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-7174-0 URL
[59]	亓伟, 余强, 徐纯勋, 等. 酵母融合子F11葡萄糖木糖共发酵产乙醇性能及其耐毒性初探[J]. 太阳能学报, 2015, 36(6): 1403-1409.
	Qi W, Yu Q, Xu CX, et al. Evaluation on performanceandtoxic-toleranceabilityof yeast fusant f11 for ethanol production from glucose and xylose co-fermentation[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sin, 2015, 36(6): 1403-1409.
[60]	Li HX, Shen Y, Wu ML, et al. Engineering a wild-type diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for second-generation bioethanol production[J]. Bioresour Bioprocess, 2016, 3(1): 51. doi: 10.1186/s40643-016-0126-4 URL
[61]	Wei FQ, Li ML, Wang M, et al. A C6/C5 co-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the alleviation of antagonism between xylose utilization and robustness[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2021, 13(1): 83-97. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.v13.1 URL
[62]	Ye HK, He YD, Xie YX, et al. Fed-batch fermentation of mixed carbon source significantly enhances the production of docosahexaenoic acid in Thraustochytriidae sp. PKU#Mn16 by differentially regulating fatty acids biosynthetic pathways[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2020, 297: 122402. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122402 URL
[63]	Wei S, Bai PG, Liu YN, et al. A Thi2p regulatory network controls the post-glucose effect of xylose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 1649. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01649 URL
[64]	Wei S, Liu YN, Wu ML, et al. Disruption of the transcription factors Thi2p and Nrm1p alleviates the post-glucose effect on xylose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2018, 11: 112. doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1112-1
[65]	Sharma S, Nair A, Sarma SJ. Biorefinery concept of simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation: challenges and improvements[J]. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif, 2021, 169: 108634. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2021.108634 URL
[66]	Kim TH, Choi CH, Oh KK. Bioconversion of sawdust into ethanol using dilute sulfuric acid-assisted continuous twin screw-driven reactor pretreatment and fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2013, 130: 306-313. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.125 URL
[67]	Chen ST, Xu ZX, Ding BN, et al. Big data mining, rational modification, and ancestral sequence reconstruction inferred multiple xylose isomerases for biorefinery[J]. Sci Adv, 2023, 9(5): eadd8835. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add8835 URL
[68]	Tufariello M, Grieco F. Advances in microbial fermentation processes[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(8): 1371. doi: 10.3390/pr9081371 URL
[69]	Chai WY, Teo KTK, Tan MK, et al. Fermentation process control and optimization[J]. Chem Eng & Technol, 2022, 45(10): 1731-1747. doi: 10.1002/ceat.v45.10 URL
[70]	Zhu YY, Wu L, Zhu JJ, et al. Quantitative lipidomic insights in the inhibitory response of Pichia stipitis to vanillin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acid[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 497(1): 7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.161 URL
[71]	Casey E, Sedlak M, Ho NWY, et al. Effect of acetic acid and pH on the cofermentation of glucose and xylose to ethanol by a genetically engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. FEMS Yeast Res, 2010, 10(4): 385-393. doi: 10.1111/fyr.2010.10.issue-4 URL
[72]	Dietrich K, Dumont MJ, Schwinghamer T, et al. Model study to assess softwood hemicellulose hydrolysates as the carbon source for PHB production in Paraburkholderia sacchari IPT 101[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2018, 19(1): 188-200. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01446 pmid: 29182307
[73]	Hernández-Cortés G, Valle-Rodríguez JO, Herrera-López EJ, et al. Improvement on the productivity of continuous tequila fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Agave tequilana juice with supplementation of yeast extract and aeration[J]. AMB Express, 2016, 6(1): 47. doi: 10.1186/s13568-016-0218-8 pmid: 27447701

种类Type	纤维素Cellulose/%	半纤维素Hemicellulose/%	木质素Lignin/%	参考文献References
狼尾草Pennisetum purpereum	35.24±0.38	25.12±3.74	21.51±1.33	[11]
菹草Curly-leaf pondweed	33.60±0.20	12.00±1.20	16.70±1.80	[10]
玉米秸秆Corn stover	37.19±0.26	19.20±0.02	16.63±0.08	[18]
玉米芯Corncob	32.70±0.72	28.54±0.85	13.91±0.66	[19]
小麦秸秆Wheat straw	40.60±0.50	24.80±0.50	18.20±0.50	[20]
松木Pine wood	47.36±0.20	16.48±0.27	25.16±0.20	[5]
杨木Poplar wood	44.00±0.50	18.40±0.10	23.00±0.60	[5]
杨木弃物Poplar waste	40.59±0.12	13.78±0.06	27.24±1.26	本实验室数据Our laboratory data

种类Type	纤维素Cellulose/%	半纤维素Hemicellulose/%	木质素Lignin/%	参考文献References
狼尾草Pennisetum purpereum	35.24±0.38	25.12±3.74	21.51±1.33	[11]
菹草Curly-leaf pondweed	33.60±0.20	12.00±1.20	16.70±1.80	[10]
玉米秸秆Corn stover	37.19±0.26	19.20±0.02	16.63±0.08	[18]
玉米芯Corncob	32.70±0.72	28.54±0.85	13.91±0.66	[19]
小麦秸秆Wheat straw	40.60±0.50	24.80±0.50	18.20±0.50	[20]
松木Pine wood	47.36±0.20	16.48±0.27	25.16±0.20	[5]
杨木Poplar wood	44.00±0.50	18.40±0.10	23.00±0.60	[5]
杨木弃物Poplar waste	40.59±0.12	13.78±0.06	27.24±1.26	本实验室数据Our laboratory data

预处理方式 Preprocessing method	试剂 Reagent	方法 Method	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages
稀酸Dilute acid	硫酸Sulphuric acid	酸法Acid process	对设备腐蚀性低、危险性小、操作简单、成本廉价、有效水解半纤维素	不具备木质素脱除能力、产生抑制物
蒸汽爆破Steam explosion	蒸馏水Distilled water	蒸汽爆破Steam explosion	预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	不具备木质素脱除能力、产生抑制物
稀碱Dilute alkali	氢氧化钠Sodium hydrate	碱法Alkaline process	预处理条件温和、不产生抑制物、能脱除少部分木质素	破坏能力较弱、纤维素和半纤维素损失、木质素脱除不彻底
低共熔溶剂Deep eutectic solvents	低共熔溶剂Deep eutectic solvents	离子液体Ionic liquid	预处理条件温和、不产生抑制物、能脱除部分木质素、可重复利用	半纤维素损失
碱性磺化-蒸汽爆破Alkaline sulfonation-steam explosion	硫酸钠、碳酸氢钠Sodium sulfate, baking soda	组合法Combination method	能脱除部分木质素、预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	产生抑制物
碱性氧化-蒸汽爆破Alkaline oxidation-steam explosion	碳酸氢钠Baking soda	组合法Combination method	能脱除部分木质素、预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	产生抑制物
稀酸-稀碱Dilute acid-alkali	硫酸、氢氧化钠Sulphuric acid, sodium hydrate	组合法Combination method	对设备腐蚀性低、危险性小、操作简单、成本廉价、有效水解半纤维素	纤维素损失、木质素脱除不彻底
乙酸-亚氯酸钠Acetic acid-sodium chlorite	乙酸、亚氯酸钠Acetic acid, sodium chlorite	组合法Combination method	操作简单、成本廉价、预处理条件温和、能脱除部分木质素、有效水解半纤维素	试剂本身具有一定毒性、产生抑制物

预处理方式 Preprocessing method	试剂 Reagent	方法 Method	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages
稀酸Dilute acid	硫酸Sulphuric acid	酸法Acid process	对设备腐蚀性低、危险性小、操作简单、成本廉价、有效水解半纤维素	不具备木质素脱除能力、产生抑制物
蒸汽爆破Steam explosion	蒸馏水Distilled water	蒸汽爆破Steam explosion	预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	不具备木质素脱除能力、产生抑制物
稀碱Dilute alkali	氢氧化钠Sodium hydrate	碱法Alkaline process	预处理条件温和、不产生抑制物、能脱除少部分木质素	破坏能力较弱、纤维素和半纤维素损失、木质素脱除不彻底
低共熔溶剂Deep eutectic solvents	低共熔溶剂Deep eutectic solvents	离子液体Ionic liquid	预处理条件温和、不产生抑制物、能脱除部分木质素、可重复利用	半纤维素损失
碱性磺化-蒸汽爆破Alkaline sulfonation-steam explosion	硫酸钠、碳酸氢钠Sodium sulfate, baking soda	组合法Combination method	能脱除部分木质素、预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	产生抑制物
碱性氧化-蒸汽爆破Alkaline oxidation-steam explosion	碳酸氢钠Baking soda	组合法Combination method	能脱除部分木质素、预处理时间短、可连续处理、有效水解半纤维素	产生抑制物
稀酸-稀碱Dilute acid-alkali	硫酸、氢氧化钠Sulphuric acid, sodium hydrate	组合法Combination method	对设备腐蚀性低、危险性小、操作简单、成本廉价、有效水解半纤维素	纤维素损失、木质素脱除不彻底
乙酸-亚氯酸钠Acetic acid-sodium chlorite	乙酸、亚氯酸钠Acetic acid, sodium chlorite	组合法Combination method	操作简单、成本廉价、预处理条件温和、能脱除部分木质素、有效水解半纤维素	试剂本身具有一定毒性、产生抑制物

因素Factor	分类Classification	特点Characteristic
酶体系Enzyme system	内切葡聚糖酶Endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase	随机劈开纤维素纤维内部的β-1,4糖苷键
	外切葡聚糖酶Exo-1,4-β-D-glucannase	从游离链末端依次切割纤维二糖单元
	β-葡萄糖苷酶β-1,4- glucosidase	水解纤维二糖释放葡萄糖单元
	木聚糖酶Xylanase	降解预处理未能解聚的半纤维素
	裂解多糖单加氧酶Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase	具有氧化裂解作用，破坏纤维素的结晶结构，提供更多的酶解结合位点
菌种选育Strain breeding	里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei	具有抗代谢抑制能力，生长环境要求较低，菌株安全无毒，酶组分易于提取I
菌种选育Strain breeding	青霉Penicillium	酶组分比较齐全，各酶组分之间的比例较为均衡
酶解方式 Enzymatic method	高固底物High solid loading	通过高固载量，提高水解液糖浓度
酶解方式 Enzymatic method	分批补料Fed-batch	具有较高的流动性，底物与纤维素酶接触更充分