Effect of Lime on Preventing and Controlling Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Ganoderma lingzhi and Analysis of Its Microbial Community

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0786

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of lime treatment on the emergence rate of Ganoderma lingzhi,yield,disease rate and microbial community of G. lingzhi were revealed,which may provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control measures of G. lingzhi continuous cropping obstacles. Taking 4-years continuous cropping soil of G. lingzhi as control（CK）,the soil respectively was treated with 22.5 kg lime soaked（LI45）,45 kg lime soaked（LI90）and 45 kg lime scattered（LS90）,then Illumina NovaSeq platform was used to sequence the ITS1 and 16S rDNA amplicons of group CK,LI45 and LI90 respectively. The results showed that the lime soaking treatment at the same dose significantly improved the continuous cropping obstacles of G. lingzhi than the lime scattering treatment,and the change rates of G. lingzhi emergence,yield and abundance of partial microbial communities in the lime soaking treatment were dose-dependent. The effect in the LI90 was the most significant while compared with the CK,the rate of G. lingzhi emergence approximately increased by 68.89%,the yield approximately increased by 135.87%,and the disease rate approximately decreased by 54.90%. Comparing with the CK,the relative abundance of Ascomycota Aspergillus in the LI90 significantly reduced at the fungal genus level. At the bacterial genus level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria Cupriavidus and Acidovorax were significantly higher in the soil of LI90 than that of the CK,and the relative abundances of Cupriavidus and Acidovorax increased in a doses-dependent manner. In conclusion,the continuous cropping barrier effect of G. lingzhi can be reduced by LI90 treatment,which may be related to the reduction of pathogens such as Aspergillus in continuous cropping soil,and the increase of various beneficial bacteria such as Cupriavidus.

Key words: Ganoderma lingzhi, continuous cropping obstacle, lime, amplicon sequencing, microbial community

YUAN Yuan, HUANG Hai-chen, LI Lin, LIU Guo-hui, FU Jun-sheng, WU Xiao-ping. Effect of Lime on Preventing and Controlling Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Ganoderma lingzhi and Analysis of Its Microbial Community[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 70-84.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Different lime treatment methods

分组Group	处理日期Date of treatment	大棚编号No. of greenhouse	处理方法Methods
CK	2019年2月27日	6号大棚	面积为150 m²大棚翻耕覆土,不进行任何处理
LI45		1号大棚	面积为150 m²大棚匀撒22.5 kg石灰,灌水浸泡7 d
LI90		2号大棚	面积为150 m²大棚匀撒45 kg石灰,灌水浸泡7 d
LS90		3号大棚	面积为150 m²大棚匀撒45 kg石灰,翻耕匀拌

Fig.1 Analysis of initial growth of G. lingzhi A: Rate of G. lingzhi emergence, B: Growth status of G. lingzhi at emergence. Significant difference: *P<0.05 compared to control group

Fig.2 Analysis of later growth of G. lingzhi A: Yield of G. lingzhi, B: Growth status of G. lingzhi at maturity. Significant difference extremely: **P<0.01 compared to control group

Fig.3 Statistics and analysis of G. lingzhi disease rate Significant difference: *P<0.05 compared to control group

Fig.4 Venn diagram of fungal feature distribution and analysis of α and β diversity of fungi A: Venn distribution diagram. B: Principal component analysis. C: Number of features observed. D: Simpson index. Significant difference: *P<0.05 compared to control group

Fig.5 Relative abundance of fungal communities at genus level A: Distribution map of fungi species. B: Heat map of species change. Significant difference: *P<0.05 compared to control group, Significant difference extremely: **P<0.01 compared to control group

Fig.6 Analysis of the difference of the fungal LEfSe species in the covering soil A: Multi-species hierarchical tree: The radiation from the inside to the outside of the different circle layer refers to seven classification levels of domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species respectively, and each node represents a species classification at this level. The higher the abundance of the species, the larger the node. B: LDA discriminant results

Fig.7 Correlation analysis of fungi in the covering soil A: Network interaction analysis diagram: The nodes represent different dominant genera in the covering soil, and their sizes represent the richness of fungi. The connection between the nodes indicates that there is a significant correlation between the two dominant genera. The thickness of the lines indicates the strength of correlation, the solid lines indicate positive correlation, and the dashed lines indicate negative correlation, B: Correlation analysis of heat map

Fig.8 Venn diagram of bacterial feature distribution and analysis of α and β diversity of bacteria A: Venn distribution diagram. B: Principal component analysis. C: Number of observed features. D: Simpson index

Fig.9 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at genus level A: Distribution map of bacteria species. B: Heat map of species change. Significant difference: **P<0.05 compared to control group. Significant difference extremely: ***P<0.01 compared to control group

Fig.10 Analysis of the difference of the bacterial LEfSe species in the covering soil A: Multi-species hierarchical tree. B: LDA discriminant results

Fig.11 Correlation analysis of bacteria in the covering soil A: Network interaction analysis diagram. B: Correlation analysis of heat map

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