Analysis of Metabolite Characteristics during Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation of Peanut Skin Extract

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1300

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the metabolic mechanisms of the quality improvement of peanut skin by fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PS-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus PS-3, and to elucidate the underlying reasons for the reduction of astringency and the enhancement of antioxidant activity. Method Peanut skin extract (PSE) was fermented using strains PS-1 and PS-3, respectively. Fermentation products were collected at different time points (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h) and analyzed using untargeted metabolomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Significantly differential metabolites were screened, followed by analyzing their pathway enrichment and temporal variation trends. Result Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria significantly altered the metabolic profile of PSE. Compared to the unfermented control, 49 and 88 significantly differential metabolites were identified in PSE fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus PS-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus PS-3, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in tyrosine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and degradation, and purine metabolism. Fermentation facilitated the biotransformation of phenolic compounds. During L. bulgaricus PS-1 fermentation, the contents of dihydromyricetin, procyanidin B2, and dihydrokaempferol decreased significantly, while the levels of synephrine, 1-deoxynojirimycin, fumaric acid, and pyruvic acid increased markedly. In S. thermophilus PS-3 fermentation, the contents of resveratrol, procyanidin A2, baicalein, and quercetin declined, whereas the levels of gossypin, luteolin glycoside, and isoorientin rose significantly. The biotransformation of phenolic substances by both strains primarily occurred during the 12-24 h fermentation period. Conclusion Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria facilitates the biotransformation of phenolic compounds in peanut skins, promoting the accumulation of functional metabolites with antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic activities, and resulting in reduced levels of potential astringent substances.

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, peanut skin extract, fermentation process, untargeted metabolomics, phenolic compounds

ZHANG Chu-shu, CAO Shi-ning, WANG Fa-ming, ZHOU Hai-xiang, HU Xiao-jun, TANG Yue-yi, ZHOU Xiao-yan, WANG Mian, CHEN Jing, ZHANG Jian-cheng. Analysis of Metabolite Characteristics during Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation of Peanut Skin Extract[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 340-352.

Figures/Tables 8

References 40

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代谢物类别 Metabolite class （Super class）	显著差异代谢物 Number of significantly differential metabolites	占比 Proportion （%）	代谢物类别 Metabolite class	上调 Up-regulated	下调 Down-regulated
有机杂环化合物	12	24.49	吲哚及其衍生物	3	0
			嘌呤核苷	0	2
			哌啶类	2	0
			苯并恶嗪	1	0
			羟基酸及其衍生物	0	1
			喹啉及其衍生物	1	0
			内酯	0	1
苯丙烷和聚酮	9	18.37	黄酮类化合物	1	4
			香豆素及其衍生物	2	0
			肉桂酸及其衍生物	1	0
			异黄酮类	0	1
有机酸及其衍生物	8	16.33	羧酸及其衍生物	5	1
			鞘磷脂	1	0
			有机膦酸及其衍生物	0	1
脂质和类脂分子	7	14.29	脂肪酰基	0	4
			酮酸及其衍生物	1	1
			类固醇和类固醇衍生物	0	1
苯环型化合物	7	14.29	苯及其取代衍生物	2	3
			酚类	1	1
有机含氧化合物	5	10.20	有机氧化合物	2	3
核苷、核苷酸和类似物	1	2.04	嘌呤核苷酸	1	0

代谢物类别 Metabolite class （Super class）	显著差异代谢物 Number of significantly differential metabolites	占比 Proportion （%）	代谢物类别 Metabolite class	上调 Up-regulated	下调 Down-regulated
有机杂环化合物	12	24.49	吲哚及其衍生物	3	0
			嘌呤核苷	0	2
			哌啶类	2	0
			苯并恶嗪	1	0
			羟基酸及其衍生物	0	1
			喹啉及其衍生物	1	0
			内酯	0	1
苯丙烷和聚酮	9	18.37	黄酮类化合物	1	4
			香豆素及其衍生物	2	0
			肉桂酸及其衍生物	1	0
			异黄酮类	0	1
有机酸及其衍生物	8	16.33	羧酸及其衍生物	5	1
			鞘磷脂	1	0
			有机膦酸及其衍生物	0	1
脂质和类脂分子	7	14.29	脂肪酰基	0	4
			酮酸及其衍生物	1	1
			类固醇和类固醇衍生物	0	1
苯环型化合物	7	14.29	苯及其取代衍生物	2	3
			酚类	1	1
有机含氧化合物	5	10.20	有机氧化合物	2	3
核苷、核苷酸和类似物	1	2.04	嘌呤核苷酸	1	0

代谢物类别 Metabolite class （Super class）	显著差异代谢物 Number of significantly differential metabolites	占比 Proportion （%）	代谢物类别 Metabolite class	上调 Up-regulated	下调 Down-regulated
苯丙烷和聚酮	23	26.14	黄酮类化合物	8	11
			肉桂酸及其衍生物	2	0
			香豆素及其衍生物	0	1
			芪类	0	1
有机含氧化合物	14	15.91	有机氧化合物	5	9
有机杂环化合物	14	15.91	苯骈吡喃	2	1
			二氮杂苯	1	1
			吡啶及其衍生物	1	1
			吲哚及其衍生物	1	0
			噻吩	0	1
			内酯	0	1
			咪唑并嘧啶类	0	1
			恶嗪类	0	1
			吡咯吡嗪类	0	1
			苯并噻嗪类	0	1
有机酸及其衍生物	11	12.50	羧酸及其衍生物	1	7
			有机硫酸及其衍生物	1	0
			有机硫代磷酸及其衍生物	1	0
苯环型化合物	10	11.36	酮酸及其衍生物	0	1
			酚类	1	1
			萘类	1	0
脂质和类脂分子	9	10.23	脂肪酰基	1	5
			甘油磷酯	0	2
			类固醇和类固醇衍生物	0	1
核苷、核苷酸和类似物	4	4.55	嘌呤核苷酸	1	0
			嘌呤核苷	0	1
			吡啶核苷酸	0	1
			（3'->5'）-二核苷酸和类似物	1	0
有机氮化合物	2	2.27	有机氮化合物	1	1
生物碱及其衍生物	1	1.14	哈马拉生物碱	0	1

代谢物类别 Metabolite class （Super class）	显著差异代谢物 Number of significantly differential metabolites	占比 Proportion （%）	代谢物类别 Metabolite class	上调 Up-regulated	下调 Down-regulated
苯丙烷和聚酮	23	26.14	黄酮类化合物	8	11
			肉桂酸及其衍生物	2	0
			香豆素及其衍生物	0	1
			芪类	0	1
有机含氧化合物	14	15.91	有机氧化合物	5	9
有机杂环化合物	14	15.91	苯骈吡喃	2	1
			二氮杂苯	1	1
			吡啶及其衍生物	1	1
			吲哚及其衍生物	1	0
			噻吩	0	1
			内酯	0	1
			咪唑并嘧啶类	0	1
			恶嗪类	0	1
			吡咯吡嗪类	0	1
			苯并噻嗪类	0	1
有机酸及其衍生物	11	12.50	羧酸及其衍生物	1	7
			有机硫酸及其衍生物	1	0
			有机硫代磷酸及其衍生物	1	0
苯环型化合物	10	11.36	酮酸及其衍生物	0	1
			酚类	1	1
			萘类	1	0
脂质和类脂分子	9	10.23	脂肪酰基	1	5
			甘油磷酯	0	2
			类固醇和类固醇衍生物	0	1
核苷、核苷酸和类似物	4	4.55	嘌呤核苷酸	1	0
			嘌呤核苷	0	1
			吡啶核苷酸	0	1
			（3'->5'）-二核苷酸和类似物	1	0
有机氮化合物	2	2.27	有机氮化合物	1	1
生物碱及其衍生物	1	1.14	哈马拉生物碱	0	1