转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究方法

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0491

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的一个重要组成部分，对土壤中的生物化学循环起着不可替代的驱动作用。转基因作物在生长过程中会不可避免地与土壤微生物发生交流，开展转基因作物对土壤微生物群落影响的研究对于科学评价转基因作物的潜在风险具有重要意义。随着现代生物技术的不断发展，土壤微生物多样性及其分析方法已经从传统的分离培养发展到从种群角度去研究整个土壤微生态系统内的微生物。但是由于土壤微生物的各种特性（如大部分不可培养、体积微小及群体效应等）和仪器设备检测性能的局限性，单一的研究方法会存在一些弊端，还需要结合其他的手段共同研究土壤生态系统中的微生物多样性。目前，人们对土壤微生物多样性的研究主要包括物种多样性、功能多样性、结构多样性及遗传多样性等4个方面，国内外关于转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性及其群落结构影响的研究方法很多，对常见的研究方法进行了总结，并提出了今后转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性及群落结构影响的研究策略。

关键词: 转基因作物, 土壤微生物, 多样性, 研究策略

Abstract: Microorganisms are the important components of the soil ecosystem. Soil microbial diversity is crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem functioning as soil microorganisms influence many ecosystem processes and drive biogeochemical cycles. Thus，it becomes a hot topic about the potential risks of transgenic crops to soil microorganisms and their effects on soil ecosystem. With the development of modern biotechnologies，the analysis methods for soil microbial diversity have been developed from the traditional separation culture to study microorganisms in the whole soil microecosystem. However，due to the various characteristics of soil microorganisms（such as majority being non-cultivable，tiny bulk，community quorum sensing，etc.）and the detection limitations of instruments and equipment，there are some disadvantages while only using single research method，and other methods should be combined to study microbial diversity in soil ecosystem. So far，the study on soil microbial diversity mainly includes species diversity，functional diversity，structural diversity and genetic diversity，there are a lot of methods used to study the effects of transgenic crops on the diversity of soil microorganisms. In this review，we summarize these methods，and finally the strategies for the future study are proposed.

Key words: transgenic crops, soil microorganisms, diversity, strategies

梁晋刚, 张秀杰. 转基因作物对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究方法[J]. 生物技术通报, 2017, 33(10): 111-116.

LIANG Jin-gang, ZHANG Xiu-jie. Strategies for Evaluating the Effects of Transgenic Crops on Soil Microbial Diversity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(10): 111-116.

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