关键词: 重金属污染, 土壤, 仿生修复, 植物修复

Abstract: Soil is essential for human survival and development. With the rapid advance of industrialization and urbanization,China is undergoing the increasingly serious soil pollutions. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of the novel plant bionic remediation and compare the effects of plant bionic remediation and phytoremediation on the heavy metal-contaminated soil. The effects of different filling materials of the bionic device,i.e.,sepiolite,kaolin,activated carbon,and diatomite,on the same metal ion（cadmium,chromium,zinc,or lead）,as well as the effects of the same filling material on the different metal ions,were investigated,and the effects of bionic remediation and phytoremediation were compared. Results showed that the bionic device differentially reduced four heavy metal ions. Cr of brown earth reduced most significantly in the sepiolite group,Zn and Cd dramatically reduced by all four types of filling materials,while diatomite-containing equipment was the most efficient in reducing Pb. This was correlated with the different features of heavy metals and the type of filling materials,closely correlated with the heavy metal abundance of soil and the saturated adsorption sites. Compared with single phytoremediation,the combined use of bionic remediation and phytoremediation substantially decreased Cd and Pb in red earth,and this approach caused no negative effects on the Cd and Pb accumulation in Brassica campestris,while Pb and Cd of filling materials were higher in sepiolite+diatomite+kaolin+activated carbon than in other types of filling materials. The bionic technology may be combined with phytoremediation,microbial remediation,and physicochemical remediation to perform the hybrid restoration of contaminated soil. The plant bionic remediation,as a novel restoration technology,may cost-effectively reduce the content of heavy metals in soil. Under the same conditions,the bionic remediation demonstrates higher efficiency and much better adsorption of heavy metals than phytoremediation.

Key words: heavy metal pollution, soil, bionic remediation, phytoremediation