土壤含水量对三七连作土壤微生物群落的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1287

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以8年三七连作土壤为对象,通过室内土培实验与高通量测序分析,探索了不同土壤含水量（10%、20%、30%与40%）对土壤理化性质与微生物群落的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量维持在10%与20%时,关键致病菌群镰刀菌属的相对丰度最高;土壤含水量为30%时,其相对丰度大幅降低,且有益菌群木霉属相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,有利于防控三七土传病害。当土壤含水量达40%时,镰刀菌属相对丰度升高,而木霉属相对丰度降低（P<0.05）。与细菌群落相比较,不同土壤含水量处理下真菌群落变化更为明显。此外,当土壤含水量维持在40%时,铵态氮含量显著增加,而硝态氮含量降低（P<0.05）。本研究为从田间水分管理的角度消减三七连作障碍提供了科学依据。

关键词: 三七, 土壤含水量, 连作障碍, 理化性质, 微生物群落

Abstract:

Using 8-year replanting P. notoginseng soil as study object,we investigated the effects of SMC（10%,20%,30% and 40%）on the soil physicochemical properties and microbial community by using the high-throughput DNA sequencing and in-door soil-cultivated experiment. The results showed that the relative abundance of Fusarium was the highest when the SMC was maintained at 10% and 20%. However,when SMC was 30%,the relative abundance of Fusarium decreased and that of Trichoderma increased significantly（P<0.05）,which was benefit to controlling the soil-borne diseases of P. notoginseng. When SMC was raised to 40%,the relative abundance of Fusarium increased while Trichoderma decreased（P<0.05）. Comparing to bacterial community,the fungal community varied more obviously with the increase of SMC. Moreover,when SMC was maintained at 40%,the content of NH₄⁺-N significantly increased,while NO₃^--N content decreased（P<0.05）. Our study provided scientific basis for reducing the obstacle of replanting P. notoginseng from the perspective of field moisture management.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, soil moisture content, replanting obstacle, physicochemical properties, microbial community

赵林艳, 官会林, 王克书, 卢燕磊, 向萍, 魏富刚, 杨绍周, 徐武美. 土壤含水量对三七连作土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(7): 215-223.

ZHAO Lin-yan, GUAN Hui-lin, WANG Ke-shu, LU Yan-lei, XIANG Ping, WEI Fu-gang, YANG Shao-zhou, XU Wu-mei. Effects of Soil Moisture on the Microbial Community Under Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(7): 215-223.

图/表 9

图1 不同含水量处理下土壤微生物门分类水平的相对丰度 A：真菌群落;B：细菌群落。W1、W2、W3与W4分别表示土壤含水量为10%、20%、30%与40%,下同

Fig. 1 Relative abundances of microorganisms at the phyl-um level under different soil moisture treatments A：Fungal community;B：bacterial community,W1,W2,W3,and W4 indicate the soil moisture content at 10%,20%,30%,and 40% respectively,the same below

图2 不同含水量处理下土壤代表性微生物属的相对丰度不同字母表示具有显著差异（P<0.05）

Fig. 2 Relative abundances of soil representative microbial genera under different soil moisture treatments Different letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05

图3 不同土壤含水量处理下共有和特有的OTU数量 A：真菌群落;B：细菌群落

Fig. 3 Number of shared and unique OTUs under different soil moisture treatments A：Fungal community;B：bacterial community

图4 不同含水量处理下土壤真菌与细菌OTU丰富度的稀疏曲线 A：真菌群落;B：细菌群落

Fig. 4 Rarefaction curves for fungal and bacterial OTU richness under different soil moisture treatments A：Fungal community;B：bacterial community

图5 不同土壤含水量处理对微生物群落alpha多样性的影响

Fig. 5 Alpha diversities of soil microbial community under different soil moisture treatments

图6 基于Bray-Curtis距离指数的不同处理间微生物群落NMDS分析和ANOSIM分析结果 A和C：真菌群落NMDS分析和ANOSIM分析结果;B和D：细菌群落NMDS分析和ANOSIM分析结果

Fig. 6 NMDS and ANOSIM results of microbial communities under different treatments based on Bray-Curtis distance A and C：The results of NMDS and ANOSIM of fungal community;B and D：the results of NMDS and ANOSIM of bacterial community

表1 不同土壤含水量处理影响三七连作土壤理化性质的单因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Results of one-way ANOVA for the soil physico-chemical properties under continuous cropping of P. notoginseng with different moisture treatments

土壤理化性质 Soil property	SS	df	s²	F	P
pH	0.03	3	0.01	1.76	0.23
EC	22 856.33	3	7 618.78	1.53	0.28
NH₄⁺-N	11.42	3	3.81	17.30	<0.01
NO₃^--N	1 099.20	3	366.40	32.27	<0.01
AP	0.31	3	0.10	0.86	0.50
AK	789.12	3	263.04	1.09	0.41

图7 不同土壤含水量处理对NH4+-N与NO3--N含量的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of different soil moisture treatments on the contents of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N

图8 不同土壤含水量处理下真菌（A）和细菌（B）群落的RDA分析结果

Fig. 8 RDA analysis of soil fungal（A）and bacterial com-munity（B）under different moisture treatments

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