核盘菌致病机理研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0108

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 菌核病（Sclerotinia stem rot,SSR）是我国油料作物生产中主要病害之一,严重制约长江中下游地区油菜主产区的产业发展。菌核病的病原是子囊菌门的核盘菌,是一种世界性分布的重要植物病原真菌。其寄主范围广泛,引起的菌核病对多种作物的产量和品质造成重要影响。核盘菌作为典型的死体营养型病原真菌,侵染寄主植物时通过直接杀死细胞和破坏组织攫取生长所需的营养物质。核盘菌的致病机理相对复杂,前期研究主要集中在其分泌的水解酶类（角质酶、细胞壁降解酶和蛋白酶等）和草酸在核盘菌侵染寄主植物中的作用。近些年来,越来越多的研究证实了分泌蛋白在核盘菌的致病过程中同样发挥着重要作用。分泌蛋白（效应蛋白）主要通过诱导植物细胞死亡或抑制寄主细胞的免疫反应,促进核盘菌的侵染和定殖。综述了水解酶类、草酸和分泌蛋白等在核盘菌致病机制中的作用,并对核盘菌致病机理研究进行了展望,以期为菌核病的安全防控提供理论参考。

关键词: 核盘菌, 致病机理, 分泌蛋白, 水解酶, 草酸

Abstract: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.） de Bary is an important phytopathogenic fungus in the worldwide. S. sclerotiorum has a wide host range and can infect many kinds of crops. Sclerotinia diseases causes significant yield losses and economic damage of many crops. S. sclerotiorum is an necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus,which obtain nutrient from plant by killing host cells and destroying host tissue. Previous studies focused on the role of hydrolytic enzymes（cutinase,cell wall degrading enzymes and proteases） and oxalic acid during infection. The pathogenicity mechanism of S. sclerotiorum is extremely complicated,more and more recent studies have shown that secreted proteins also play an important role in the interaction of host and S. sclerotiorum. Secreted proteins facilitate the invasion and colonization of S. sclerotiorum by inducing plant cell death or suppressing host cell immune responses. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum including hydrolases,oxalic acid,secreted proteins and other pathogenic proteins. We also prospect the research of pathogenicity mechanism of S. sclerotiorum,in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the safety and control of Sclerotinia disease.

Key words: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pathogenesis, secretary protein, hydrolase, oxalic acid

羊国根, 程家森. 核盘菌致病机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(4): 9-15.

YANG Guo-gen, CHENG Jia-sen. Research Advances in Pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(4): 9-15.

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