微生物降解石油污染物机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0156

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石油污染是当前紧迫的水环境问题,研究石油污染物降解机制有助于探索石油污染修复技术路径。重点介绍了微生物降解石油污染物过程中的微生物种类、降解机制和反应机理,即具有代表性的细菌、真菌和藻类,石油烃的有氧降解（链烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃）和厌氧降解（脱氢羟基化、延胡索酸盐加成）。并对微生物降解石油组分的影响因素进行了讨论,具体包括：烃类结构（支链多结构越复杂,越难降解）、微生物种类（混合菌的生化降解能力更强）、环境因子（pH、温度、盐度、含氧量和营养物质）,进一步指出了生物修复技术应用于石油污染修复治理研究中的优缺点。此外,还对现有微生物降解技术的应用做了简要概述,归纳总结现有研究中存在的问题,尝试性的提出了今后生物降解石油污染物的研究重点,即生物降解石油的机制还需进一步明确,并重点分析了生物电化学方法在降解去除石油污染物方面可行性。综述石油烃生物降解机制和反应机理,以期为生物修复水体石油污染提供参考和借鉴作用。

关键词: 石油烃, 水体污染, 生物修复, 降解机制

Abstract:

The analysis on the degradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons is crucial for oil pollution remediation since oil pollution is an urgent issue of water environment. This paper summarizes the main processes of treating oil-polluted water bodies and sediments,and highlights the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microbes. The microbial species,degradation mechanism and reaction mechanism in the course of microbial degradation and removal of petroleum hydrocarbon are mainly introduced. It mainly includes representative bacteria,fungi and algae,aerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons（alkane,cyclane,and aromatic hydrocarbon）and anaerobic degradation（dehydrogenation hydroxylation and fumarate addition）. In addition,the factors affecting microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon are discussed,specifically including hydrocarbon structures（The more complex branched multi-structure is,then the more difficult it is to be degraded）,microbial species（More biochemical degradation by mixed bacteria）and environmental factors（pH,temperature,salinity,oxygen content,and nutrients）. The advantages and disadvantages of the applied bioremediation technologies for oil pollution remediation are further pointed out. Moreover,by analyzing the problems in current researches,the development emphasis in the biodegradation of oil pollutants is forecasted,that is,the mechanism of biodegrading oil needs to be further clarified. And the paper predicts that bio-electrochemical methods will make an important role in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. By reviewing the biodegradation mechanism and reaction mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons,it is aimed to provide the reference for bioremediation of petroleum pollution in water bodies.

Key words: petroleum hydrocarbon, water pollution, microorganism remediation, degradation mechanism

华涛, 李胜男, 邸志珲, 周博, 曾文炉, 周启星, 李凤祥. 微生物降解石油污染物机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(10): 26-34.

HUA Tao, LI Sheng-nan, DI Zhi-hun, ZHOU Bo, ZENG Wen-lu, ZHOU Qi-xing, LI Feng-xiang. Review on Mechanism and Application of Microbe Degrading Petroleum Pollutants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(10): 26-34.

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