土壤汞污染生物修复技术研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汞作为常温下唯一的一种液态金属，在环境中分布十分广泛，极易造成土壤污染。生物修复是一种用于土壤汞污染治理的重要修复技术，该技术因具有修复成本低、绿色环保等优点而受到重视。对现有的土壤汞污染生物修复技术进行了评述，主要涉及植物修复技术、微生物修复技术和动物修复技术的研究和应用情况：植物修复技术主要研究汞在植物体内代谢机理和规律，微生物修复技术研究侧重于利用外源微生物降解土壤中汞，动物修复技术研究较少，目前仅见有关蚯蚓富集汞的报道。现代生物修复技术已经发展成为一门包括土壤化学、植物生物学、生态学、土壤微生物学、分析化学及分子生物学等多学科融合性技术，借助这些学科力量可以对植物提取汞根际微界面过程和植物体内微界面过程、微生物和动物汞富集机制有更深刻的认识。综述最后对目前土壤汞污染生物修复技术主要研究方向进行总结和归纳，明确了汞污染生物修复领域存在的几大问题以及研究方向。

关键词: 汞污染, 土壤, 植物修复, 微生物修复, 动物修复

Abstract: Mercury as a sole liquid metal at room temperature, is widely distributed in the environment, which easily results in the soil contamination.Bioremediation technique, as an important technique to remediate the mercury-contaminated soil, has captured attentions due to its low cost and environmental-friendly.This paper sums up the bioremediation techniques for mercury-contaminated soil, mainly on the researches and applications of phytoremediation, microbial remediation and animal remediation.In phytoremediation technology the metabolism mechanism and pattern of mercury in plants mainly are investigated；using exogenous microorganisms to degrade mercury in soil is the focus in the study of microbial remediation；and very little is studied in animal remediation, only enrichment of mercury by earthworms was reported.What is learned from the analysis in this review is that current bioremediation technique has developed to be a multidisciplinary integration technology, covering soil chemistry, plant physiology, ecology, soil microbiology, analytical chemistry and molecular biology.By means of those subjects, we may understand profoundly the rhizosphere micro-interface process in plant extracting mercury, plant internal micro-interface process, and the mechanisms of mercury enrichment by microorganism and animal.Finally, we summarize and induce the current main research trend of bioremediation techniques for mercury-contaminated soil, and clarify several main issues and research directions for the issues in this field.

Key words: mercury-contaminated, soil, phytoremediation, microbial remediation, animal remediation

王立辉, 严超宇, 王浩, 张翔宇. 土壤汞污染生物修复技术研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2016, 32(2): 51-58.

WANG Li-hui, YAN Chao-yu, WANG Hao, ZHANG Xiang-yu. Research Progress on Bioremediation Techniques for Mercury-contaminated Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2016, 32(2): 51-58.

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