基于比较基因组学方法揭示十字花科古老杂交事件

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0338

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 杂交是物种进化动力的源泉之一,它有助于快速积累遗传变异,增强群体的遗传多样性,促进新物种的产生,因此在不同物种类群中识别古老和近期的杂交现象具有重要意义。杂交事件的识别方法可以采用多种特征,包括传统的遗传表型、代谢产物、染色体数目,以及群体遗传学和系统发育基因组学提供的基因水平的分子表型。本研究通过选取28个十字花科物种及两个外类群物种作为研究材料,采用比较基因组学和系统发育基因组学研究手段,在叶绿体和核基因两个方向上联合分子表型信息鉴定十字花科内的杂交事件。结果表明：1、以单基因树映射物种树的结果为依据,十字花科物种主要分为两类：其一,姐妹类群分布相对集中、以拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）为代表;其二,姐妹类群分布相对分散暗示基因存在多种来源,以诚实花（Lunaria annua）为代表。2、进一步通过叶绿体和核基因的系统发育关系对比法分析,我们认为诚实花可能是一个新的杂交物种,其39.1%的基因与父本来源的C类群基因关系最近;38.5%的基因与C类群以外类群的基因最近,特别是来自B、C结合类群共同祖先的10号节点（占比3%）支持其作为诚实花的母本来源。3、通过对父母关键进化节点的功能富集分析,发现父本主要富集在生物降解、次级代谢产物、RNA调控等途径上,表明其可能通过RNA调控生物降解、次级代谢过程以适应胁迫环境;母本主要富集在代谢途径上,尤其是碳水化合物、核酸代谢等方面,表明其可能通过增强自身代谢获取相对竞争优势。

关键词: 十字花科, 杂交, 比较基因组学

Abstract: Hybridization is one of the sources for the evolutionary dynamics of species. It helps to rapidly accumulate genetic variation,to enhance the genetic diversity of the population,and to promote the production of new species. Therefore,it is of great significance to identify ancient and recent crosses in different species groups. Identification methods of hybridization event may employ a variety of features,including traditional genetic phenotypes,metabolites,chromosome numbers,and molecular phenotypes of gene levels provided by population genetics and phylogenetic genomics. In this study,28 Brassicaceae species and two species of other family were selected as research materials,and comparative genomics and phylogenetic genomics in the chloroplast and nuclear genes in combination with molecular phenotypic information were used to identify the Brassicaceae hybrid events. The results show that：1. Based on the results of mapping single species trees to species trees,Brassicaceae species are mainly classified into two groups：one is that a sister group is relatively concentrated and represented by Arabidopsis thaliana;another is that a sister group is relatively scattered,suggesting there are multiple sources of genes,represented by Lunaria annua. 2. Further,by phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast and nuclear genes,we believe that L. annua might be a new hybrid species,39.1% of its genes are most closely related to the parental C group genes;38.5% of the genes are the closest to the genes of non C groups. In particular,the No. 10 node from the common ancestors of the B and C binding groups（accounting for 3%）supports itself as a maternal source of L. annua. 3. By the functional enrichment analysis of the key evolutionary nodes of the parents,we find that the male parent is mainly enriched in biodegradation,secondary metabolites and RNA regulation,indicating that it may regulate biological degradation and secondary metabolic processes to adapt to the stress environment via RNA;maternal enriched in the metabolic pathways,especially carbohydrates,nucleic acid metabolism,etc. indicating that it may obtain relative competitive advantage by enhancing its own metabolism.

Key words: Brassicaceae, hybridization, comparative genomics

樊晓猛, 戚继. 基于比较基因组学方法揭示十字花科古老杂交事件[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(7): 126-137.

FAN Xiao-meng, QI Ji. Revealing Hybridization of Brassicaceae Based on Comparative Genomics[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(7): 126-137.

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