功能核酸纳米机器生物传感器的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0397

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 功能核酸纳米机器是天然或人工设计的通过核酸碱基序列特异性相互作用而自组装形成的核酸组件。功能核酸纳米机器的运转可通过两种方式使其结构或构象发生转化而被激活,一种方式是功能核酸与特定信号分子相互作用使其结构发生变化;另一种方式是在外界环境的刺激下（如改变pH、加入离子、用不同的光照射等）使功能核酸构象发生变化。目前研究的主要有G-四链体功能核酸介导的、适配子功能核酸介导的、脱氧核酶介导的、霍利迪结功能核酸介导的、基于非金属、金属材料的、链置换的、点击反应的、三螺旋核酸的、pH响应的、光诱导的功能核酸纳米机器。综述了这些经典的功能核酸纳米机器的具体运作机理,讨论了在药物靶向递送、生物成像的应用研究中的实际意义及其存在的问题;展望了功能核酸纳米机器的应用前景及可能遇到的挑战。

关键词: 功能核酸, 纳米机器, 生物传感器, 评述

Abstract: Functional nucleic acid nanomachine is a nucleic acid assembly that is naturally or artificially designed and self-assembled by nucleic acid base sequence-specific interactions. The operation of a functional nucleic acid nanomachine can be activated by transforming its structure or conformation in two ways. One way is for the functional nucleic acid to interact with specific signal molecules to change its structure,and the other way is to change the conformation of the functional nucleic acid under the stimulation of the external environment（such as changing the pH,adding ions,irradiation with different light,etc.）. The current researches mainly include functional nucleic acid nanomachines mediated by G-quadruplex functional nucleic acid,aptamer functional nucleic acid,deoxyribozyme,and Holliday junction functional nucleic acid,as well as based on non-metallic,metallic materials,strand-displacement,click-response,triplex nucleic acid,pH-response,and light-induced. This paper reviews the specific operating mechanisms of these classic functional nucleic acid nanomachines,and discusses the practical significance and existing problems in the drug targeted delivery,bioimaging application research. Finally,the paper prospects the application of functional nucleic acid nanomachines and the challenges that may be encountered.

Key words: functional nucleic acid, nanomachine, biosensor, comment

张倩, 田晶晶, 罗云波, 许文涛. 功能核酸纳米机器生物传感器的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(9): 2-14.

ZHANG Qian, TIAN Jing-jing, LUO Yun-bo, XU Wen-tao. Research Progress on Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomachine Biosensors[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(9): 2-14.

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