生物技术通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 11-23.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0926

• 青贮微生物专题(专题主编:杨富裕 教授) • 上一篇    下一篇

青贮饲料微生物群落组成与功能研究进展

陈梦言1,2(), 白洁2,3, 柯文灿1,2, 许冬梅1,2, 艾琳4(), 郭旭生1,2()   

  1. 1.兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州 730000
    2.兰州大学益生菌与生物饲料研究中心,兰州 730000
    3.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州 730000
    4.中国畜牧业协会,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-17 出版日期:2021-09-26 发布日期:2021-10-25
  • 作者简介:陈梦言,女,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能乳酸菌的挖掘与应用;E-mail: chenmy2020@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(051210001)

Research Advances in Silage Microbial Communities and Functions

CHEN Meng-yan1,2(), BAI Jie2,3, KE Wen-can1,2, XU Dong-mei1,2, AI Lin4(), GUO Xu-sheng1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000
    2. Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000
    3. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000
    4. China Animal Agriculture Association,Beijing 100044
  • Received:2021-07-17 Published:2021-09-26 Online:2021-10-25

摘要:

青贮饲料微生物是影响其发酵品质的关键因素,无论是原料表面附着的微生物还是外源添加的微生物在青贮发酵过程中都对微生物群落的演替都起着极为重要的作用。了解青贮饲料发酵的微生物群落结构与功能及其发酵代谢调控网络等信息对于深入解析青贮饲料发酵的生物学过程具有重要意义,并可为安全、优质青贮饲料的发酵调制提供有力的科学依据。然而传统的检测方法精确度较低,无法对青贮饲料中微生物群落结构深入分析。因此,如何利用分子生物学手段全面准确检测和定量青贮饲料中的微生物群落结构和种类特征将对突破青贮饲料发酵的微生态调控研究具有重大意义。对此,本文从青贮原料附着微生物和生长环境、原料特性、乳酸菌添加剂对青贮饲料微生物结构的影响进行了阐述,并对PICRUSt法在青贮饲料微生物功能的应用现状进行了简要概述,旨在为阐明青贮饲料中微生物变化规律及功能研究提供参考,并为揭示青贮饲料发酵微生态过程提供理论依据。

关键词: 青贮, 微生物群落, 功能

Abstract:

Microbial community is a key factor affecting the fermentation quality of silage. Both microorganisms attached to the surface of raw materials and exogenous microorganisms play an important role in the microbial community succession during the ensiling process. Understanding the microbial community,function and fermentation metabolism regulation network of silage are of great significance for in-depth analysis of the biological process of silage fermentation,and also can provide a strong scientific basis for the fermentation and modulation of safe and high-quality silage. However,the traditional detection methods are of low accuracy and cannot deeply analyze the microbial community structure in silage. Therefore,how to comprehensively and accurately use molecular biology techniques to detect the microbial community structure and species in silage will be of great significance for breaking through the research of micro-ecological regulation of silage fermentation. This review depicted the effects of epiphytic microorganisms and growth environment,characterization of silage materials,and lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the microbial structure of silage,as well as summarized the current situation of PICRUSt method applied in silage microbial function,aiming to provide some suggestions for characterizing microbial dynamics and function of silage and to present theoretical foundation for revealing micro-ecology process during the ensiling process.

Key words: silage, microbial community, function