水稻品质的遗传与育种改良研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1598

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人民生活水平的提高,在追求水稻高产的同时,优质已成为育种家的育种目标和消费者的关注重点。水稻品质包含碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质四类指标,本文从水稻品质的遗传与改良两方面展开论述,回顾了水稻品质的遗传与育种改良研究进展,介绍了已克隆的稻米品质相关基因或QTL的功能及其在稻米品质改良中的应用。最后,在此基础上分析了现阶段水稻品质的遗传与改良存在的问题并对未来研究方向作了展望。

关键词: 水稻, 品质性状, 遗传, 育种改良

Abstract:

With the improvement of people’s living standard,high quality has become breeding aim of rice breeders and concern of consumers. Rice quality includes milling quality,appearance quality,eating and cooking quality,and nutrient quality. First,we reviewed the progress in studies on inheritance and breeding improvement of rice quality. Then we introduced the cloned genes related to rice quality or molecular function of QTLs for rice quality and their application in quality improvement. Based on this,we analyzed the issues encountered at present in rice quality inheritance and improvement prospected future research interests.

Key words: rice, quality trait, inheritance, breeding improvement

李然, 钱前, 高振宇. 水稻品质的遗传与育种改良研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(4): 4-19.

LI Ran, QIAN Qian, GAO Zhen-yu. Research Progress in the Inheritance and Breeding Improvement of Rice Quality[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(4): 4-19.

图/表 1

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控制性状 Trait	基因名 Gene	LOC号 LOC number	编码产物 Encoded protein/Enzyme	参考文献Reference
垩白Chalkiness	Chalk5	LOC_Os05g06480	液泡膜质子转运焦磷酸酶Vacuolar H⁺-translocating pyrophosphatase	[11]
粒型 Grain shape	GS3	Os03g0407400	异三聚体G蛋白γ亚基G protein gamma subunit	[12]
	GW2	LOC_Os02g14720	E3泛素连接酶E3 ubiquitin ligase	[14]
	GL3-1	LOC_Os03g44500	丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶Serine/threonine phosphatase	[16]
	GS2	LOC_Os02g47280	生长调节因子4 Growth-regulating factor 4	[18]
	GL7	LOC_Os07g41200	LONGIFOLIA蛋白LONGIFOLIA protein	[19]
	GW5	LOC_Os05g09520	钙调素结合蛋白Calmodulin binding protein	[22]
	GS5	LOC_Os05g06660	丝氨酸羧肽酶Serine carboxypeptidase	[23]
	GW8/ OsSPL16	LOC_Os08g41940	Squamosa启动子结合蛋白Squamosa promoter binding protein	[24]
	GIF1	LOC_Os04g33740	细胞壁转化酶Cell wall invertase	[25]
	GE/BG2	LOC_Os07g41240	CYP78A13蛋白/细胞色素P450 CYP78A13 protein/cytochrome P450	[124]
蒸煮食味品质 Eating and cooking quality	qGC6/Wx	LOC_Os06g04200	颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶Granule-bound starch synthase	[31]
	DU1	OSJNBa0017E08.20	Prp1蛋白Prp1 protein	[43]
	ALK/OsSSSIIa	LOC_Os06g12450	可溶性淀粉合酶II Soluble starch synthase II	[44-45]
	SSSI	LOC_Os06g06560	可溶性淀粉合酶I Soluble starch synthase I	[46]
	SSSIIIa	LOC_Os08g09230	可溶性淀粉合酶III Soluble starch synthase III	[47,49]
	OsAGPL3	LOC_Os05g50380	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[55]
	OsAPS1	LOC_Os09g12660	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶小亚基 Small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[56]
	OsAPS2	LOC_Os08g25734	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶小亚基 Small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[57]
	OsAGPL1	LOC_Os03g52460	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[58]
	OsAGPL2/GIF2	LOC_Os01g44220	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[59-60]
	OsAGPL4	LOC_Os07g13980	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[61]
	BEIIb	LOC_Os02g32660	淀粉分支酶IIb Starch branching enzyme IIb	[101]
营养品质Nutrient quality	OsAAP10	LOC_Os02g49060	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[65]
	OsBADH2/fgr	LOC_Os08g32870	甜菜碱醛脱氢酶Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase	[66]
	qPC-1/OsAAP6	LOC_Os01g65670	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[70]
	qGPC-10/OsGluA2	LOC_Os10g26060	谷蛋白A2 Glutelin type-A2 precursor	[71]
	OsAAP3	LOC_Os06g36180	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[75]
	OsAAP5	LOC_Os01g65660	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[76]
	OsAAP1	LOC_Os07g04180	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[77]
	OsLHT1	LOC_Os08g03350	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[78]
	OsLTPL36	LOC_Os03g25350	植物非特异的脂质转运蛋白Lipid transfer protein	[81]
	LOX1/LOX5	LOC_Os03g49380	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[82]
	LOX2	LOC_Os03g52860	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[83]
	LOX3/r9-LOX1	LOC_Os03g49260	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[84]
	AK2	LOC_Os01g70300	天冬氨酸激酶Aspartate kinase	[113]

控制性状 Trait	基因名 Gene	LOC号 LOC number	编码产物 Encoded protein/Enzyme	参考文献Reference
垩白Chalkiness	Chalk5	LOC_Os05g06480	液泡膜质子转运焦磷酸酶Vacuolar H⁺-translocating pyrophosphatase	[11]
粒型 Grain shape	GS3	Os03g0407400	异三聚体G蛋白γ亚基G protein gamma subunit	[12]
	GW2	LOC_Os02g14720	E3泛素连接酶E3 ubiquitin ligase	[14]
	GL3-1	LOC_Os03g44500	丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶Serine/threonine phosphatase	[16]
	GS2	LOC_Os02g47280	生长调节因子4 Growth-regulating factor 4	[18]
	GL7	LOC_Os07g41200	LONGIFOLIA蛋白LONGIFOLIA protein	[19]
	GW5	LOC_Os05g09520	钙调素结合蛋白Calmodulin binding protein	[22]
	GS5	LOC_Os05g06660	丝氨酸羧肽酶Serine carboxypeptidase	[23]
	GW8/ OsSPL16	LOC_Os08g41940	Squamosa启动子结合蛋白Squamosa promoter binding protein	[24]
	GIF1	LOC_Os04g33740	细胞壁转化酶Cell wall invertase	[25]
	GE/BG2	LOC_Os07g41240	CYP78A13蛋白/细胞色素P450 CYP78A13 protein/cytochrome P450	[124]
蒸煮食味品质 Eating and cooking quality	qGC6/Wx	LOC_Os06g04200	颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶Granule-bound starch synthase	[31]
	DU1	OSJNBa0017E08.20	Prp1蛋白Prp1 protein	[43]
	ALK/OsSSSIIa	LOC_Os06g12450	可溶性淀粉合酶II Soluble starch synthase II	[44-45]
	SSSI	LOC_Os06g06560	可溶性淀粉合酶I Soluble starch synthase I	[46]
	SSSIIIa	LOC_Os08g09230	可溶性淀粉合酶III Soluble starch synthase III	[47,49]
	OsAGPL3	LOC_Os05g50380	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[55]
	OsAPS1	LOC_Os09g12660	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶小亚基 Small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[56]
	OsAPS2	LOC_Os08g25734	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶小亚基 Small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[57]
	OsAGPL1	LOC_Os03g52460	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[58]
	OsAGPL2/GIF2	LOC_Os01g44220	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[59-60]
	OsAGPL4	LOC_Os07g13980	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 Large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	[61]
	BEIIb	LOC_Os02g32660	淀粉分支酶IIb Starch branching enzyme IIb	[101]
营养品质Nutrient quality	OsAAP10	LOC_Os02g49060	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[65]
	OsBADH2/fgr	LOC_Os08g32870	甜菜碱醛脱氢酶Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase	[66]
	qPC-1/OsAAP6	LOC_Os01g65670	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[70]
	qGPC-10/OsGluA2	LOC_Os10g26060	谷蛋白A2 Glutelin type-A2 precursor	[71]
	OsAAP3	LOC_Os06g36180	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[75]
	OsAAP5	LOC_Os01g65660	氨基酸通透酶Amino acid permease	[76]
	OsAAP1	LOC_Os07g04180	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[77]
	OsLHT1	LOC_Os08g03350	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter	[78]
	OsLTPL36	LOC_Os03g25350	植物非特异的脂质转运蛋白Lipid transfer protein	[81]
	LOX1/LOX5	LOC_Os03g49380	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[82]
	LOX2	LOC_Os03g52860	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[83]
	LOX3/r9-LOX1	LOC_Os03g49260	脂氧合酶Lipoxygenase	[84]
	AK2	LOC_Os01g70300	天冬氨酸激酶Aspartate kinase	[113]