赤霉素调控玉米种子活力的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0473

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米是我国总产与平均单产最高的主要农作物，对于保障国家粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。种子活力是衡量种子质量和应用价值的关键指标，高活力种子是确保作物高产、稳产的基础。赤霉素是重要的植物生长调节物质，具有解除种子休眠、促进萌发的作用，外源赤霉素的喷施已被广泛应用于农业生产以提高作物产量。目前赤霉素对玉米种子活力的影响研究多侧重于施加外源GA影响种子活力的相关生理指标上，而赤霉素调控玉米种子活力的作用机理尚需深入研究。本文综述了赤霉素的生物合成、信号转导、作用机制以及对玉米和其他作物种子活力影响的研究进展，旨为深入探究GA对于玉米种子活力的调控机制乃至玉米育种实践中高活力玉米新种质的创制提供参考。

关键词: 玉米, 赤霉素, 种子活力, 作用机制, 调控

Abstract:

Maize is the main crop with the highest total yield and average yield per unit area in China, which plays an important role in guaranteeing national food security. Seed vigor is a key index to measure seed quality and application value. High vigor seed is the basis to ensure high and stable yield of crops. Gibberellin is an important plant growth regulator, which can relieve seed dormancy and promote germination. The application of exogenous gibberellin has been widely used in agricultural production to improve crop yield. At present, researches about the effects of GA on the maize seed vigor are mainly focused on the physiological indicators by applying exogenous GA. However, the molecular mechanism of maize seed vigor regulated by GA needs to be further studied. This review is mainly about the research progress of GA biosynthesis, signal transduction, mechanism of GA and its effect on the seed vigor of maize and other crops, aiming to provide reference for further exploring the regulation mechanism of GA on maize seed vigor and the creation of new maize germplasm with high vigor in maize breeding practice.

Key words: maize, gibberellin, seed vigor, molecular mechanism, regulation

金云倩, 王彬, 郭书磊, 赵霖熙, 韩赞平. 赤霉素调控玉米种子活力的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(1): 84-94.

JIN Yun-qian, WANG Bin, GUO Shu-lei, ZHAO Lin-xi, HAN Zan-ping. Research Progress in Gibberellin Regulation on Maize Seed Vigor[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 84-94.

图/表 2

图1 赤霉素的生物合成 2ox：GA2- 氧化酶；3ox：GA3- 氧化酶；13ox：GA13- 氧化酶；20ox：GA20- 氧化酶；GGDP：牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸；CPS：ent-copalyl 古巴焦磷酸合成酶；KS：ent-kaurene 贝壳杉烯合成酶；KO：ent-Kaurene 贝壳杉烯氧化酶；KAO：ent-kaurenoic 贝壳杉烯酸氧化酶

Fig. 1 Biosynthesis of gibberellin（GA） 2ox: GA2-oxidase. 3ox: GA3-oxidase. 13ox: GA13-oxidase. 20ox: GA20-oxidase. GGDP: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate. CPS: Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase. KS: Ent-kaurene synthase. KO: Ent-kaurene oxidase. KAO: Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase

图2 赤霉素的信号转导 A：当GA浓度升高时，GA与GID1结合，GA被GIDI封闭在GID1内，便与DELLA蛋白结合，促使DELLA蛋白被活化SCF降解，最终GA信号被释放发挥生理促进作用；B：当GA浓度降低时，GID1与GA结合分离，DELLA蛋白抑制GA信号的转导，GA信号受到抑制

Fig. 2 Signal transduction of gibberellin（GA） A: When GA concentration is increasing, GA binds to GID1, GA is enclosed in GID1 by GIDI, and then binds to DELLA protein, prompting DELLA protein to be activated and degraded by SCF, and finally GA signal is released to play A physiological promoting role. B: When GA concentration is decreasing, GID1 does not bind to GA, DELLA protein inhibits GA signal transduction, and GA signal is inhibited

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