半乳糖氧化酶的生物学改造研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0699

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

半乳糖氧化酶是一种重要的生物催化剂，具有催化效率高和绿色环保的特点，在生物传感器、食品、医疗和化工等领域得到广泛应用。然而，天然的半乳糖氧化酶存在稳定性差、催化效率低、回收成本高等缺陷，限制了其在食品安全和生物医学等领域的应用。随着基因工程和蛋白质工程的发展，人们可以对半乳糖氧化酶进行有目的的改造，以提高酶的性能或者获得新功能的重组酶。因此，追求具有重要催化能力和强大功能的半乳糖氧化酶成为该领域的研究热点。本文综述了半乳糖氧化酶的分子结构、催化机理等基本信息，并分析总结了半乳糖氧化酶进行生物学改造的相关案例，旨在为半乳糖氧化酶相关研究者提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: 半乳糖氧化酶, 生物学改造, 理性设计, 定向进化, 固定化

Abstract:

As an important biological catalyst, galactose oxidase has the characteristics of high catalytic efficiency and environmental protection. It has been widely used in biosensors, food, medical treatment, chemical industry and other fields. However, natural galactose oxidase has some inherent defects such as poor stability, low catalytic efficiency, and high recovery cost, which greatly limit its application in food safety, biomedicine, and other fields. With the development of genetic engineering and protein engineering, galactose oxidase can be purposefully modified to improve the performance of the enzyme or to obtain recombinant enzymes with new functions. Therefore, the pursuit of galactose oxidase with important catalytic capacity and powerful functions has become a research hotspot in this field. In this paper, the molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of galactose oxidase are reviewed, and the relevant cases of biological modification of galactose oxidase are analyzed and summarized, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for galactose oxidase related researchers.

Key words: galactose oxidase, biological modification, rational design, directed evolution, immobilization

夏光丽, 曹娜, 孙慧慧, 赵玲, 曹荣. 半乳糖氧化酶的生物学改造研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(1): 176-185.

XIA Guang-li, CAO Na, SUN Hui-hui, ZHAO Ling, CAO Rong. Advances in the Biological Modification of Galactose Oxidase[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(1): 176-185.

图/表 4

图1 半乳糖氧化酶的催化反应

Fig. 1 Catalytic reaction of galactose oxidase

图2 八种已报道的半乳糖氧化酶晶体结构

Fig. 2 Crystal structures of eight reported galactose oxidases

图3 半乳糖氧化酶的晶体结构（以来源于F. graminearum的半乳糖氧化酶为例，PDB ID：1GOG） a：1 GOG的正面视图； b：1GOG的催化活性位点

Fig. 3 Crystal structure of galactose oxidase（Taken the galactose oxidase from F. graminearum as the template, PDB ID：1GOG） a: Front-view of 1GOG; b: Catalytic active sites of 1GOG

图4 半乳糖氧化酶氧化还原过程示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of galactose oxidase redox process

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