植物油体钙蛋白调控脂滴功能的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脂滴是植物体内常见细胞器，它包裹多种脂类物质并将其存储于胞质中，参与调控脂质代谢，对维持植物脂质内稳态具有重要作用。油体钙蛋白是脂滴最重要的外膜蛋白之一，对脂滴的生物合成、稳定以及脂质和内含次生代谢物的积累具有重要调控作用。全面了解油体钙蛋白对脂滴的调控作用，可为后续深入研究脂滴相关的脂质内稳态及次生代谢反应提供基础。首先，介绍了植物油体钙蛋白的结构，指明其蛋白序列中的重要元件及潜在功能。其次，就油体钙蛋白基因家族的物种特异性和组织特异性进行综述，证明油体钙蛋白的基因功能不仅在陆生植物进化过程中发生了分化，其特定的生物学功能在不同组织间也出现分化。随后，总结了近年来油体钙蛋白影响脂滴生物合成的报道，阐释其在环境因子的作用下诱导脂滴生物合成的作用。在油体钙蛋白调节脂滴代谢方面，本文认为该调节功能与油体钙蛋白N端序列对脂滴结构的稳定作用相关。此外，还以黄曲霉素、紫杉醇和芦丁等为例，介绍油体钙蛋白对脂滴包裹的次生代谢物积累影响。最后，就植物油体钙蛋白研究存在问题，探讨了基因编辑技术在油体钙蛋白、脂滴研究方面的前景及其在人工油体的应用，以期为相关作物的油脂品质形成机制及脂质内稳态的科学探索提供参考。

关键词: 油体钙蛋白, 脂滴, 蛋白结构, 膜蛋白, 次生代谢, 蛋白家族, 脂质内稳态

Abstract:

Plants frequently include subcellular organelles called lipid droplets, which encapsulate a range of lipids and store them in the cytoplasm. Lipid droplets involved in the control of lipid metabolism are crucial for maintaining plant lipid homeostasis. As the most important outer membrane protein of lipid droplets, caleosin plays a critical role in the formation and stabilization of lipid droplets as well as the accumulation of secondary metabolites and lipids. A thorough knowledge of caleosin regulating lipid droplet may provide as a foundation for further investigating lipid homeostasis and secondary metabolic processes related to lipid droplets. This paper presents the structure of plant caleosin, and highlights the significant elements and potential function in their protein sequences. We reviewed the species-specificity and tissue-specificity of the caleosin gene family, showing that not only the gene function of caleosin varies throughout the terrestrial plant evolutionary process, also its specific biological function varies among different tissues. Subsequently we summarized recent research on caleosin's influence on lipid droplet biosynthesis and clarified its function in triggering lipid droplet biosynthesis in response to environmental stimuli. This review indicates that caleosin’s ability to regulate lipid droplet metabolism is associated with the stabilizing influence of the protein's N-terminal sequence on lipid droplet structure. Furthermore, using aflatoxin, paclitaxel, and rutin as examples, we discussed the impact of caleosin on the accumulation of secondary metabolites encapsulated in lipid droplets. Concluding by discussing the prospects of gene editing technology and the application of artificial oil bodies, we aim to provide references for the scientific investigation of the mechanism of lipid quality formation and lipid homeostasis.

Key words: caleosin, lipid droplets, protein structure, membrane protein, secondary metabolites, protein family, lipid homeostasis

彭凤, 余海霞, 张坤, 刘颖颖, 谭桂玉. 植物油体钙蛋白调控脂滴功能的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(4): 33-39.

PENG Feng, YU Hai-xia, ZHANG Kun, LIU Ying-ying, TAN Gui-yu. Review on the Regulation of Caleosin on Plant Lipid Droplet[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(4): 33-39.

图/表 3

图1 脂滴结构

Fig. 1 Structure of a lipid droplet

图2 油体钙蛋白的结构示意图

Fig. 2 A schematic illustration of the structure of caleosin

图3 油体钙蛋白对脂滴的调控作用

Fig. 3 Regulation of lipid droplets via caleosin

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