蔬菜嫁接砧穗互作分子机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

嫁接技术是园艺作物增产、改良品质和增强抗逆性最经济有效的手段之一，其应用范围仍在不断扩大。除了要求嫁接技术不断提高外，还需进一步探索嫁接亲和性与砧穗互作的机制。嫁接成活包括一系列的生理、生化过程，嫁接激活、激素通路或参与维管束形成相关基因都有可能参与嫁接组织的再生重建，明确其调控机制具有重要意义。嫁接是砧木/接穗相互识别与作用的过程，砧穗间长距离信号传导是理解嫁接生理的基础。不同基因型的砧木/接穗嫁接组合，嫁接植株在生长发育、表型、产量及胁迫抗性方面表现不同。本文就蔬菜嫁接砧穗互作分子机制的研究进展进行综述，如嫁接成活、砧穗间遗传信号传递、嫁接与表观遗传变化及嫁接与基因表达，以期为深入研究蔬菜嫁接分子机制提供理论参考，为砧木选择和蔬菜种质材料创新提供指导。

关键词: 蔬菜嫁接, 嫁接愈合, 遗传物质传递, 表观遗传修饰, 基因表达调控

Abstract:

Grafting technology is one of the most cost-effective means to increase yield, improve quality and enhance stress tolerance in horticultural crops, and its application is still expanding. In addition to the requirement of continuous improvement of grafting technology, the mechanisms of graft affinity and scion-rootstock interactions need to be further explored. Graft survival includes a series of physiological and biochemical processes, and graft activation, hormonal pathways, or genes involved in vascular bundle formation may be involved in the regeneration and reconstruction of grafted tissues, and it is important to clarify their regulatory mechanisms. Grafting is a process of scion-rootstock mutual recognition and interaction, and long-distance signaling between rootstocks and scions is the basis for understanding the physiology of grafting. Grafted plants with scion-rootstock grafting combinations of different genotypes behave differently in terms of growth and development, phenotype, yield and stress resistance. In this paper, we review the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of scion-rootstock interactions in vegetable grafting, such as grafting survival, genetic signaling between rootstocks, grafting and epigenetic changes, and grafting and gene expression, with a view to providing theoretical references for in-depth studies on the molecular mechanisms of vegetable grafting, and providing guidance for rootstock selection and innovation of vegetable germplasm materials.

Key words: vegetable grafting, graft healing, genetic material exchange, epigenetic modification, gene expression regulation

王凤婷, 赵福顺, 乔凯彬, 徐珣, 刘金亮. 蔬菜嫁接砧穗互作分子机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(10): 149-159.

WANG Feng-ting, ZHAO Fu-shun, QIAO Kai-bin, XU Xun, LIU Jin-liang. Progress on the Molecular Mechanism of Scion-rootstock Interactions in Vegetable Grafting[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(10): 149-159.

图/表 2

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RNA种类RNA type	名称 Name	作用 Function	蔬菜名称 Species	运动方向 Moving direction	参考文献 Reference
mRNA	NACP	影响顶端组织分化Affect the apical meristem	南瓜Pumpkin	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[50]
	Homeobox1	调控块茎生长Regulate tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[51]
	IAA18/28	影响根生长Affect root growth	甜瓜Melon	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[52]
	GAI	影响顶端组织分化Affect the apical meristem	南瓜Pumpkin	接穗韧皮部到茎尖Scion phloem to shoot	[53]
	BEL11	抑制块茎的生长Inhibit tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[51]
	BEL29	抑制块茎的生长Inhibit tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[51]
	PS	抗灰霉病菌Resist to gray mold	番茄Tomato	双向运输Bidirectional movement	[54]
miRNA	miR399	稳定磷元素Stabilize phosphorus	油菜，南瓜 Rape, pumpkin	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[55]
	miR395	稳定硫元素Stabilize sulfur	油菜Rape	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[56]
	miR172	调控花和块茎的生长 Regulate the growth of flower and tuber	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[57]
	miR156	影响叶片形态和块茎生长 Affect leaf morphology and tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[58]
	miR408	稳定铜元素Stabilize copper	西瓜Watermelon	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[59]
siRNA	siRNA	DNA甲基化DNA methylation	番茄Tomato	双向运输Bidirectional movement	[60]
siRNA	siRNA	影响病毒Affect virus	番茄Tomato	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[61]
lncRNA	lncRNA	稳定磷元素Stabilize phosphorus	黄瓜Cucumber	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[62]

RNA种类RNA type	名称 Name	作用 Function	蔬菜名称 Species	运动方向 Moving direction	参考文献 Reference
mRNA	NACP	影响顶端组织分化Affect the apical meristem	南瓜Pumpkin	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[50]
	Homeobox1	调控块茎生长Regulate tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[51]
	IAA18/28	影响根生长Affect root growth	甜瓜Melon	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[52]
	GAI	影响顶端组织分化Affect the apical meristem	南瓜Pumpkin	接穗韧皮部到茎尖Scion phloem to shoot	[53]
	BEL11	抑制块茎的生长Inhibit tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[51]
	BEL29	抑制块茎的生长Inhibit tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[51]
	PS	抗灰霉病菌Resist to gray mold	番茄Tomato	双向运输Bidirectional movement	[54]
miRNA	miR399	稳定磷元素Stabilize phosphorus	油菜，南瓜 Rape, pumpkin	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[55]
	miR395	稳定硫元素Stabilize sulfur	油菜Rape	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[56]
	miR172	调控花和块茎的生长 Regulate the growth of flower and tuber	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[57]
	miR156	影响叶片形态和块茎生长 Affect leaf morphology and tuber growth	马铃薯Potato	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[58]
	miR408	稳定铜元素Stabilize copper	西瓜Watermelon	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[59]
siRNA	siRNA	DNA甲基化DNA methylation	番茄Tomato	双向运输Bidirectional movement	[60]
siRNA	siRNA	影响病毒Affect virus	番茄Tomato	砧木到接穗Rootstock to scion	[61]
lncRNA	lncRNA	稳定磷元素Stabilize phosphorus	黄瓜Cucumber	接穗到砧木Scion to rootstock	[62]