患病和健康羊肚菌菌丝际土壤微生物群落特征

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0819

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究羊肚菌白霉病害发生对羊肚菌土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响，为羊肚菌的合理种植提供科学指导。方法运用高通量测序技术测定患病（diseased Morchella spp., DM）和健康羊肚菌（healthy Morchella spp., HM）土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性，进一步解析其在土壤物质转化、养分吸收及抗病性方面发挥的作用。结果与健康羊肚菌土壤相比，患病土壤有效磷、pH和过氧化氢酶活性分别显著提高了13.22%、6.18%和41.01%，而土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶降低了58.58%、31.85%和74.01%；DM土壤细菌的Chao1、ACE和Simpson指数比HM的分别降低了32.45%、32.43%和20.42%，而真菌则无显著变化。主坐标分析结果显示HM与DM土壤细菌（R²=0.195，P=0.028）和真菌（R²=0.17，P=0.001）的群落结构均有明显差异。与HM土壤相比，DM的黏细菌（Haliangium）、芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）和黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）丰度分别降低92.85%、90.48%和81.67%，而肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）和Polaromonas分别增加了40.33倍和8.13倍；DM的真菌裂壳属（Schizothecium）的丰度减少90.39%，而镰孢属（Fusarium）的丰度增加了2.51倍。功能预测结果表明，健康与患病根际细菌代谢途径不同；羊肚菌真菌代谢类型以腐生营养型为主。Mantel分析表明pH是影响羊肚菌根际土壤真菌群落的关键因子。共现网络分析表明，HM土壤细菌和真菌网络的平均度、总模块和平均聚类系数显著低于健康组。结论患病羊肚菌土壤酶活性、细菌丰富度和多样性指数显著降低，镰孢属富集，而有益菌丰度降低。微生物网络结构的复杂度和稳定性降低是影响羊肚菌养分吸收和患病的重要因素。

关键词: 羊肚菌, 菌丝际土壤, 微生物群落组成, 白霉病, 微生物群落结构, 土壤酶活性, 土壤性质

Abstract:

Objective To explore the microbial characteristics in the Morchella spp. soil and provide scientific guidance for the rational cultivation of Morchella spp. Method High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the communities and diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in the soils growing diseased and healthy Morchella spp., and further analyze their roles for transformation of soil substances, nutrient uptake and disease resistances of plant. Result The contents of available phosphorus, pH and the activity of catalase in the diseased Morchella spp. soil were significantly higher than those in healthy Morchella spp. soil, increasing with 13.22%, 6.18%, and 41.01%, respectively, while the activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase significantly decreased with 58.58%, 31.85%, and 74.01% respectively. The bacterial indices of Chao1, ACE and Simpson in DM significantly decreased with 32.45%, 32.43%, and 20.42%, respectively compared to those in HM, and there was no significant change for fungal indices. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the community structure of bacteria (R²=0.195, P=0.028) and fungi (R²=0.17, P=0.001) in DM were significantly different from that in HM. The abundance of beneficial bacteria of Haliangium, Gemmatimonas and Flavobacterium in DMwere significantly lower than that in HM, which decreased by 92.85%, 90.48%, and 81.67%. The abundance of Enterobacter and Polaromonas in DMwere significantly higher than that in HM, which increased with 40.33 and 8.13 times, respectively. The abundance of beneficial fungus Schizothecium in DMwas significantly lower than that in HM, decreasing by 90.39%, and the abundance of Fusarium in the DM were significantly higher than that in HM, increasing with 2.51 times. The results of functional prediction showed that the metabolic pathways of bacteria in diseased Morchella spp. soil were different with that in healthy Morchella spp. soil, and the metabolic type of fungi was mainly saprotrophic. The results of Mantel analysis showed that the pH was the key factor affecting the fungal microbial community. The analysis of co-occurrence network showed that the average degree, total module number and average clustering coefficient of the bacterial and fungal network in the diseased Morchella spp. group were lower than those in the healthy group. Conclusion The richness and diversity of soil bacteria in the diseased Morchella spp. significantly decrease, the diseased Morchella spp. soil abundance of pathogen increase and that of the beneficial microbe decrease, and the complexity and stability of microbial network reduce, which are the important factors for the diseased Morchella spp.

Key words: Morchella spp., mycosphere soil, composition of microbial community, white mold disease, structure of microbial community, soil enzyme activity, soil properties

宋奋奋, 段艳雪, 桑愉, 王继朋, 彭锐, 孙年喜, 李勇. 患病和健康羊肚菌菌丝际土壤微生物群落特征[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(4): 323-334.

SONG Fen-fen, DUAN Yan-xue, SANG Yu, WANG Ji-peng, PENG Rui, SUN Nian-xi, LI Yong. Characteristics of the Mycosphere Microbial Community in Diseased and Healthy Morchella spp.Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(4): 323-334.

图/表 13

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微生物 Microorganism	组别 Group	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	ACE指数 ACE index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
细菌 Bacteria	HM	517.38±17.41a	517.40±17.48a	8.62±0.10a	100.00
细菌 Bacteria	DM	349.50±48.77b	349.59±48.79b	6.86±0.36b	99.98
真菌 Fungi	HM	154.29±15.78a	158.76±17.02a	3.03±1.32a	99.98
真菌 Fungi	DM	133.04±29.90a	133.00±28.74a	2.43±0.74a	99.99

微生物 Microorganism	组别 Group	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	ACE指数 ACE index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
细菌 Bacteria	HM	517.38±17.41a	517.40±17.48a	8.62±0.10a	100.00
细菌 Bacteria	DM	349.50±48.77b	349.59±48.79b	6.86±0.36b	99.98
真菌 Fungi	HM	154.29±15.78a	158.76±17.02a	3.03±1.32a	99.98
真菌 Fungi	DM	133.04±29.90a	133.00±28.74a	2.43±0.74a	99.99

微生物类别 Microbial type	分类 Taxonomy	健康羊肚菌 HM/%	患病羊肚菌DM/%
细菌 Bacteria	Acidibacter	0.87±0.56a	0.11±0.05b
	Biyi10	1.13±0.85a	0.09±0.24b
	Bosea	0.09±0.08b	0.44±0.12a
	Candidatus_Koribacter	0.46±0.34a	0.07±0.16b
	Dongia	1.88±0.97a	0.47±0.74b
	Ellin6067	0.86±0.64a	0.08±0.24b
	Enterobacter	0.02±0.04b	0.87±0.15a
	Flavisolibacter	0.60±0.36a	0.11±0.07b
	Flavitalea	0.30±0.07a	0.11±0.11b
	Gemmatimonas	1.65±0.01a	0.157±1.23b
	Haliangium	0.91±0.29a	0.07±0.30b
	IS_44	0.57±0.42a	0.01±0.05b
	Lautropia	0.26±0.25a	0.03±0.02b
	Luteitalea	0.87±0.54a	0.19±0.26b
	Methylobacillus	0.33±0.26a	0.04±0.04b
	Nannocystis	0.15±0.10a	0.02±0.07b
	OLB13	0.49±0.29a	0.02±0.37b
	Opitutus	0.13±0.12a	0.01±0.02b
	Pajaroellobacter	0.09±0.03a	0.00±0.03b
	Polaromonas	0.15±0.14b	1.22±0.74a
	Stella	0.17±0.07a	0.00±0.04b
	Stenotrophomonas	0.15±0.12b	3.54±0.39a
	Thalassobaculum	0.13±0.08a	0.03±0.04b
	UTBCD1	0.43±0.43a	0.00±0.00b
	Variovorax	0.28±0.27b	1.37±0.26a
真菌 Fungi	Aspergillus	0.69±0.48a	0.08±0.04b
	Fusarium	1.00±0.69b	3.50±1.92a
	Schizothecium	4.01±3.03a	0.39±0.50b
	Serendipita	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00b

微生物类别 Microbial type	分类 Taxonomy	健康羊肚菌 HM/%	患病羊肚菌DM/%
细菌 Bacteria	Acidibacter	0.87±0.56a	0.11±0.05b
	Biyi10	1.13±0.85a	0.09±0.24b
	Bosea	0.09±0.08b	0.44±0.12a
	Candidatus_Koribacter	0.46±0.34a	0.07±0.16b
	Dongia	1.88±0.97a	0.47±0.74b
	Ellin6067	0.86±0.64a	0.08±0.24b
	Enterobacter	0.02±0.04b	0.87±0.15a
	Flavisolibacter	0.60±0.36a	0.11±0.07b
	Flavitalea	0.30±0.07a	0.11±0.11b
	Gemmatimonas	1.65±0.01a	0.157±1.23b
	Haliangium	0.91±0.29a	0.07±0.30b
	IS_44	0.57±0.42a	0.01±0.05b
	Lautropia	0.26±0.25a	0.03±0.02b
	Luteitalea	0.87±0.54a	0.19±0.26b
	Methylobacillus	0.33±0.26a	0.04±0.04b
	Nannocystis	0.15±0.10a	0.02±0.07b
	OLB13	0.49±0.29a	0.02±0.37b
	Opitutus	0.13±0.12a	0.01±0.02b
	Pajaroellobacter	0.09±0.03a	0.00±0.03b
	Polaromonas	0.15±0.14b	1.22±0.74a
	Stella	0.17±0.07a	0.00±0.04b
	Stenotrophomonas	0.15±0.12b	3.54±0.39a
	Thalassobaculum	0.13±0.08a	0.03±0.04b
	UTBCD1	0.43±0.43a	0.00±0.00b
	Variovorax	0.28±0.27b	1.37±0.26a
真菌 Fungi	Aspergillus	0.69±0.48a	0.08±0.04b
	Fusarium	1.00±0.69b	3.50±1.92a
	Schizothecium	4.01±3.03a	0.39±0.50b
	Serendipita	0.00±0.00a	0.00±0.00b

网络性质 Network properties	细菌 Bacteria		真菌 Fungi
网络性质 Network properties	健康 HM	患病 DM	健康 HM	患病 DM
平均度Average degree	37.28	35.83	37.28	7.046
模块系数Modularity index	1	0.76	0.65	0.56
总节点Total nodes	562	386	209	65
总边Total edges	10 515	6 530	3 896	164
正连接Positive edges	10 076	6 402	3 881	162
负连接Negative edges	439	128	15	2