麦秸鸡粪发酵有机肥对六妹羊肚菌连作的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0123

生物技术通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 263-273.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0123

麦秸鸡粪发酵有机肥对六妹羊肚菌连作的影响

刘天海¹(), 羊淑琴², 刘付彭³, 苗人云⁴, 余洋¹, 吴翔¹, 唐杰¹, 王勇¹, 彭卫红¹, 谭昊¹^,⁵^,⁶()

1.四川省食用菌研究所，成都 610066
2.四川省汉源县农业局，雅安 625300
3.筠连县粮油和经作发展中心，宜宾 645250
4.中国农业科学院都市农业研究所，成都 610213
5.江南大学生物工程学院，无锡 214122
6.中国科学院西北生态环境与资源研究院干旱区盐渍化研究站，兰州 730000

收稿日期:2022-01-26 出版日期:2022-12-26 发布日期:2022-12-29
作者简介:刘天海，男，助理研究员，研究方向：食用菌驯化与栽培；E-mail：tianhai.liu@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901119);四川省重点研发项目(2022YFN0040);国家农用微生物新都观测实验站(NAES085AM05)

Effects of Organic Fertilizers Fermented with Wheat Straw and Chicken Manure on the Continuous Cultivation of Morchella sextelata

LIU Tian-hai¹(), YANG Shu-qin², LIU Fu-peng³, MIAO Ren-yun⁴, YU Yang¹, WU Xiang¹, TANG Jie¹, WANG Yong¹, PENG Wei-hong¹, TAN Hao¹^,⁵^,⁶()

1. Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi，Chengdu 610066
2. Agriculture Bureau of Hanyuan County，Ya'an 625300
3. Development Center of Grains，Oil，and Economic Crops of Junlian County，Yibin 645250
4. Institute of Urban Agriculture，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610213
5. College of Bioengineering，Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122
6. Drylands Salinization Research Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000

Received:2022-01-26 Published:2022-12-26 Online:2022-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索有机肥在六妹羊肚菌（Morchella sextelata）连作栽培中的应用技术，研究有机肥对土壤理化性质和羊肚菌产量的影响。通过向羊肚菌栽培土壤中施用麦秸鸡粪有机肥，并连续统计两年羊肚菌的产量和土壤理化指标变化情况，利用主成分分析方法寻找影响土壤理化指标的主要因素，利用相关性分析方法确定影响羊肚菌产量的关键土壤理化指标。施用有机肥显著改变了土壤理化性质，土壤肥力水平明显提升。羊肚菌栽培对土壤容重、pH值、腐殖酸、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钼、有效硼、交换性钙离子和交换性镁离子含量影响较大。施用有机肥可以连续两年提升羊肚菌出菇产量20%以上，具有一定增产、稳产的效果。羊肚菌产量与土壤腐殖酸和交换性钙离子含量呈显著正相关。研究展示了秸秆发酵有机肥在羊肚菌连作栽培中的应用潜力，揭示了影响羊肚菌产量的关键土壤理化指标。

关键词: 羊肚菌, 有机肥, 连作障碍, 增产, 稳产

Abstract:

This work aims to explore the application technology of organic fertilizer in continuous cultivation of morel（Morchella sextelata），and to study the effect of wheat straw fermented organic fertilizer on the soil physicochemical properties and yield of morel fruiting bodies. Fermented organic fertilizer with wheat straw and chicken manure was applied to morel cultivating soil. The morel yield and the soil physicochemical properties were calculated for two consecutive years. The main factors affecting soil physicochemical properties were determined through principal component analysis. The key factors affecting morel production was identified by correlation analysis. The application of this organic fertilizer significantly changed the soil physicochemical properties，and significantly improved sandy soil fertility levels. Morel cultivation had obvious influences on the soil bulk density，pH value，as well as the contents of humic acid，organic matter，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，available molybdenum，available boron，exchangeable calcium ion，and exchangeable magnesium ion. The organic fertilizer increased the fruiting yield of morel by over 20% for two consecutive years，showing an effect of increasing and stabilizing the yield. Morel production was significantly and positively correlated with the contents of soil humic acid and exchangeable calcium ion. The study showed the application potential of crop straw fermented organic fertilizer in the cultivation of morel，and revealed the key soil physiochemical properties affecting the yield.

Key words: morel, organic fertilizer, continuous cropping obstacle, increased production, stable production

刘天海, 羊淑琴, 刘付彭, 苗人云, 余洋, 吴翔, 唐杰, 王勇, 彭卫红, 谭昊. 麦秸鸡粪发酵有机肥对六妹羊肚菌连作的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(12): 263-273.

LIU Tian-hai, YANG Shu-qin, LIU Fu-peng, MIAO Ren-yun, YU Yang, WU Xiang, TANG Jie, WANG Yong, PENG Wei-hong, TAN Hao. Effects of Organic Fertilizers Fermented with Wheat Straw and Chicken Manure on the Continuous Cultivation of Morchella sextelata[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(12): 263-273.

图/表 7

参考文献 41

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名称Name	含量Content
pH	7.85±0.02
含水率Moisture content	（2.63±0.26）%
有机质Organic matter	（39.30±0.51）%
全氮Total N	（14.25±0.14）mg/g
铵态氮Ammonium N	（0.90±0.01）mg/g
硝态氮Nitrate N	（0.10±0.001）mg/g
全磷Total P	（3.99±0.04）mg/g
全钾Total K	（22.51±0.12）mg/g
总蛋白Total proteins	（11.15±0.23）mg/g
游离氨基酸Free amino acids	（44.40±1.09）mg/g
粗脂肪Crude fat	（43.77±0.35）mg/g
游离脂肪酸Free fatty acid	（10.69±1.04）mg/g
总有机碳Total organic carbon	（249.93±0.42）mg/g
还原糖Reducing sugars	（6.74±0.01）mg/g
纤维素Cellulose	（254.63±11.45）mg/g
半纤维素Hemicellulose	（63.33±5.03）mg/g
木质素Lignin	（28.45±1.53）mg/g

名称Name	含量Content
pH	7.85±0.02
含水率Moisture content	（2.63±0.26）%
有机质Organic matter	（39.30±0.51）%
全氮Total N	（14.25±0.14）mg/g
铵态氮Ammonium N	（0.90±0.01）mg/g
硝态氮Nitrate N	（0.10±0.001）mg/g
全磷Total P	（3.99±0.04）mg/g
全钾Total K	（22.51±0.12）mg/g
总蛋白Total proteins	（11.15±0.23）mg/g
游离氨基酸Free amino acids	（44.40±1.09）mg/g
粗脂肪Crude fat	（43.77±0.35）mg/g
游离脂肪酸Free fatty acid	（10.69±1.04）mg/g
总有机碳Total organic carbon	（249.93±0.42）mg/g
还原糖Reducing sugars	（6.74±0.01）mg/g
纤维素Cellulose	（254.63±11.45）mg/g
半纤维素Hemicellulose	（63.33±5.03）mg/g
木质素Lignin	（28.45±1.53）mg/g

	Yld	pH	Ds	HA	TN	TP	TK	OM	AN	AP	AK	ACu	AZn	AFe	AMn	AS	ExCa	ExMg	AMo	AB
Yld	1
pH	-0.26	1
Ds	-0.11	0.26	1
HA	0.43*	-0.76**	-0.42*	1
TN	0.31	-0.59**	-0.47*	0.91**	1
TP	0.32	-0.59**	-0.46*	0.91**	0.98**	1
TK	0.01	0.09	-0.11	-0.15	-0.17	-0.19	1
OM	0.19	-0.74**	-0.49*	0.91**	0.90**	0.87**	-0.20	1
AN	0.25	-0.67**	-0.57**	0.89**	0.91**	0.92**	-0.29	0.93**	1
AP	0.21	-0.67**	-0.48*	0.87**	0.92**	0.90**	-0.24	0.91**	0.91**	1
AK	0.31	-0.65**	-0.47*	0.85**	0.87**	0.90**	-0.24	0.76**	0.84**	0.83**	1
ACu	0.19	0.28	-0.01	-0.11	-0.14	-0.12	0.24	-0.21	-0.21	-0.24	-0.15	1
AZn	0.25	-0.63**	-0.50*	0.88**	0.95**	0.95**	-0.28	0.90**	0.93**	0.91**	0.88**	-0.16	1
AFe	0.40	-0.50*	-0.42*	0.61**	0.59**	0.60**	0.09	0.59**	0.60**	0.64**	0.52**	0.00	0.53**	1
AMn	0.08	-0.48*	-0.40	0.49*	0.49*	0.53**	-0.22	0.55**	0.57**	0.55**	0.70**	-0.08	0.60**	0.42*	1
AS	0.24	-0.14	0.37	0.17	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.05	-0.08	0.01	-0.05	0.26	-0.08	0.17	-0.20	1
ExCa	0.48*	-0.08	0.21	0.20	0.24	0.27	0.01	-0.05	0.03	0.12	0.29	0.20	0.19	0.14	-0.02	0.22	1
ExMg	-0.08	-0.42*	-0.54**	0.57**	0.65**	0.64**	-0.28	0.75**	0.74**	0.66**	0.60**	-0.21	0.72**	0.22	0.63**	-0.23	-0.12	1
AMo	-0.04	-0.04	-0.09	0.27	0.43*	0.41*	0.12	0.30	0.25	0.38	0.27	0.01	0.39	0.13	0.30	0.13	0.03	0.29	1
AB	-0.32	0.27	-0.19	-0.10	0.08	0.12	0.23	0.02	0.07	0.12	-0.02	-0.08	0.08	-0.06	0.02	-0.29	-0.34	0.05	0.53	1

	Yld	pH	Ds	HA	TN	TP	TK	OM	AN	AP	AK	ACu	AZn	AFe	AMn	AS	ExCa	ExMg	AMo	AB
Yld	1
pH	-0.26	1
Ds	-0.11	0.26	1
HA	0.43*	-0.76**	-0.42*	1
TN	0.31	-0.59**	-0.47*	0.91**	1
TP	0.32	-0.59**	-0.46*	0.91**	0.98**	1
TK	0.01	0.09	-0.11	-0.15	-0.17	-0.19	1
OM	0.19	-0.74**	-0.49*	0.91**	0.90**	0.87**	-0.20	1
AN	0.25	-0.67**	-0.57**	0.89**	0.91**	0.92**	-0.29	0.93**	1
AP	0.21	-0.67**	-0.48*	0.87**	0.92**	0.90**	-0.24	0.91**	0.91**	1
AK	0.31	-0.65**	-0.47*	0.85**	0.87**	0.90**	-0.24	0.76**	0.84**	0.83**	1
ACu	0.19	0.28	-0.01	-0.11	-0.14	-0.12	0.24	-0.21	-0.21	-0.24	-0.15	1
AZn	0.25	-0.63**	-0.50*	0.88**	0.95**	0.95**	-0.28	0.90**	0.93**	0.91**	0.88**	-0.16	1
AFe	0.40	-0.50*	-0.42*	0.61**	0.59**	0.60**	0.09	0.59**	0.60**	0.64**	0.52**	0.00	0.53**	1
AMn	0.08	-0.48*	-0.40	0.49*	0.49*	0.53**	-0.22	0.55**	0.57**	0.55**	0.70**	-0.08	0.60**	0.42*	1
AS	0.24	-0.14	0.37	0.17	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.05	-0.08	0.01	-0.05	0.26	-0.08	0.17	-0.20	1
ExCa	0.48*	-0.08	0.21	0.20	0.24	0.27	0.01	-0.05	0.03	0.12	0.29	0.20	0.19	0.14	-0.02	0.22	1
ExMg	-0.08	-0.42*	-0.54**	0.57**	0.65**	0.64**	-0.28	0.75**	0.74**	0.66**	0.60**	-0.21	0.72**	0.22	0.63**	-0.23	-0.12	1
AMo	-0.04	-0.04	-0.09	0.27	0.43*	0.41*	0.12	0.30	0.25	0.38	0.27	0.01	0.39	0.13	0.30	0.13	0.03	0.29	1
AB	-0.32	0.27	-0.19	-0.10	0.08	0.12	0.23	0.02	0.07	0.12	-0.02	-0.08	0.08	-0.06	0.02	-0.29	-0.34	0.05	0.53	1

麦秸鸡粪发酵有机肥对六妹羊肚菌连作的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizers Fermented with Wheat Straw and Chicken Manure on the Continuous Cultivation of Morchella sextelata

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