外源溶磷菌促进油茶养分吸收的机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究外源接种伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia sp.）与泛菌（Pantoea sp.）等溶磷菌株对田间油茶根际环境与养分吸收的影响，为红壤地区油茶菌肥的研发应用提供理论依据。方法以3年生大田栽植的‘长林40号’油茶为试验材料，设单接伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia sp.）HS5、单接泛菌（Pantoea sp.）CL37、混接Burkholderia sp. HS5＋Pantoea sp. CL37、添加等量无菌水对照（CK）4个处理。通过测定油茶叶片养分、土壤理化性质、生物有效性磷组分、磷酸酶活性和细菌群落等指标，并对测定指标进行冗余分析和Mantel分析。结果与CK处理相比，外源接种溶磷菌显著提高了油茶养分吸收。HS5+CL37处理显著提高土壤有效磷（AP）、磷素活化系数（PAC）、NH $4 +$ -N含量和碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP），增幅分别为129.11%、227.30%、54.53%和8.82%。外源接种溶磷菌显著增加了氯化钙磷（CaCl₂-P）、柠檬酸磷（Citrate-P）和酶磷（Enzyme-P），但降低了盐酸磷（HCl-P）的含量，且HS5+CL37处理对Citrate-P和Enzyme-P提升最显著。外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际细菌α多样性的影响不显著，但显著影响了部分优势门和属类的丰度。Mantel分析表明，Methylomirabilota与uncultured_Acidobacteria_bacterium显著正向影响油茶对氮磷的吸收。结论外源接种溶磷菌通过调节油茶根际细菌群落组成及增强土壤磷酸酶活性促进土壤磷素活化，从而提高磷素有效性，促进油茶养分吸收。

关键词: 油茶, 溶磷菌, 生物有效性磷组分, 土壤磷酸酶活性, 细菌群落

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of phosphate-solubilizing strains such as Burkholderia sp. and Pantoea sp. on the rhizosphere environment and nutrient absorption of Camellia oleifera in the field, which may provide theoretical basis for bacterial fertilizer application of C. oleifera in red soil region. Method Three-year old C. oleifera ‘Changlin No. 40’ planted in the field was used as the experimental material. Single inoculation with Burkholderia sp. HS5, Pantoea sp. CL37, and mixed inoculation with Burkholderia sp. HS5+Pantoea sp. CL37 were carried out, and an equal amount of sterile water was added as the control (CK). Leaf nutrients, soil physicochemical properties, phosphatase activity, P bioavailability, and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera were measured. Redundancy analysis and Mantel analysis were used to explore the effects of PSB (Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria) on nutrient absorption and rhizosphere soil phosphorus availability of C. oleifera. Result Compared with CK treatment, exogenous PSB inoculation increased the nutrient absorption of C. oleifera. HS5＋CL37 treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus (AP), phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), NH $4 +$ -N, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 129.11%, 227.30%, 54.53%, and 8.82%, respectively, among which the mixed inoculation of HS5+CL37 had the best improvement effect. Exogenous PSB inoculation significantly increased CaCl₂-P, Citrate-P, and Enzyma-P, but decreased HCl-P, and HS5+CL37 showed the most significant increase in Citrate-P and Enzyma-P. The bacterial diversity of C. oleifera rhizosphere was not significant under exogenous PSB treatment, but it significantly affected the relative abundance of some dominant in phyla and genera level. Mantel analysis indicated that the nitrogen uptake of C. oleifera were significantly positively affected by Methylomirobilota and uncultured Acidobacteria. Conclusion Exogenous PSB enhances soil phosphatase activity and promote phosphorus activation by influencing the composition of rhizosphere bacteria, thereby improving phosphorus availability in soil and increasing the nitrogen uptake of C. oleifera.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, P bioavailability fractions, soil phosphatase activity, bacterial community

潘忠飞, 尹倩, 马容, 熊欢, 董文统, 邹锋. 外源溶磷菌促进油茶养分吸收的机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(10): 292-302.

PAN Zhong-fei, YIN Qian, MA Rong, XIONG Huan, DONG Wen-tong, ZOU Feng. The Mechanism of Exogenous Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Promoting Nutrient Absorption in Camellia oleifera[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(10): 292-302.

图/表 11

图1 两株溶磷菌分泌IAA及定殖变化不同小写字母表示同一时期差异显著（P<0.05）

Fig. 1 IAA secretion and colonization variations of two PSB strainsDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences during the same period (P<0.05)

图2 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶叶片养分积累的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the nutrient accumulation in C. oleifera leavesDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences in different treatments (P< 0.05). The same below

表1 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤养分与酶活性的影响

Table 1 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and phosphatase activity of C. oleifera

指标 Index	处理 Treatments
指标 Index	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N （mg/kg）	3.30±0.53ab	4.26±0.60a	3.75±0.57ab	2.68±0.88b
氨态氮 NH $4 +$ -N （mg/kg）	6.19±2.35a	5.29±0.72a	6.83±2.24a	4.42±0.50b
有效磷 AP （mg/kg）	1.86±0.31a	1.60±0.28a	2.08±0.40a	0.91±0.25b
全磷 TP （g/kg）	0.68±0.01b	0.74±0.08b	0.72±0.18b	1.14±0.36a
磷活化系数 PAC	0.27±0.04ab	0.22±0.03b	0.29±0.02a	0.09±0.05c
有机碳 SOC （g/kg）	0.80±0.08ab	1.05±0.13a	0.84±0.09ab	0.51±0.37b
pH值 pH value	4.57±0.04a	4.55±0.03a	4.46±0.13a	4.59±0.10a
碱性磷酸酶活性 ALP （U/g）	5 437.08±1 285.49a	4 958.70±808.46ab	4 432.32±897.85ab	4 072.95±629.65b
酸性磷酸酶活性 ACP （U/g）	16 062.07±509.46a	16 153.59±1 258.73a	17 009.93±3 248.91a	15 498.8±200.98a

表1 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤养分与酶活性的影响

Table 1 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the rhizosphere soil nutrient and phosphatase activity of C. oleifera

指标 Index	处理 Treatments
指标 Index	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N （mg/kg）	3.30±0.53ab	4.26±0.60a	3.75±0.57ab	2.68±0.88b
氨态氮 NH $4 +$ -N （mg/kg）	6.19±2.35a	5.29±0.72a	6.83±2.24a	4.42±0.50b
有效磷 AP （mg/kg）	1.86±0.31a	1.60±0.28a	2.08±0.40a	0.91±0.25b
全磷 TP （g/kg）	0.68±0.01b	0.74±0.08b	0.72±0.18b	1.14±0.36a
磷活化系数 PAC	0.27±0.04ab	0.22±0.03b	0.29±0.02a	0.09±0.05c
有机碳 SOC （g/kg）	0.80±0.08ab	1.05±0.13a	0.84±0.09ab	0.51±0.37b
pH值 pH value	4.57±0.04a	4.55±0.03a	4.46±0.13a	4.59±0.10a
碱性磷酸酶活性 ALP （U/g）	5 437.08±1 285.49a	4 958.70±808.46ab	4 432.32±897.85ab	4 072.95±629.65b
酸性磷酸酶活性 ACP （U/g）	16 062.07±509.46a	16 153.59±1 258.73a	17 009.93±3 248.91a	15 498.8±200.98a

图3 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际磷素形态的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the phosphorus fraction in rhizosphere of C. oleifera

表2 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

Table 2 Effect of exogenous PSB treatments on bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农指数 Shannon index
HS5	2 063.47±207.13a	2 061.37±207.73a	0.997 4a	9.57±0.09a
CL37	2 099.18±381.60a	2 096.07±381.53a	0.996 8a	9.46±0.11a
HS5＋CL37	1 915.64±386.80a	1 913.08±387.55a	0.996 5a	9.35±0.29a
CK	2 093.00±274.390a	2 089.76±274.54a	0.997 3a	9.59±0.19a

图4 油茶根际土壤细菌多样性的NMDS分析

Fig. 4 NMDS analysis of bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

图5 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤细菌群落组成的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the community composition in the rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

表3 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤主要优势细菌门类相对丰度的影响

Table 3 Relative abundance of dominant bacterial at phylum kevel of C. oleifera rhizosphere soil under exogenous PSB inoculation

处理 Treatment	Actinobacteriota （%）	Unclassified_Bacteria （%）	Verrucomicrobiota （%）	Patescibacteria （%）	Methylomirabilota （%）	Bdellovibrionota （%）	Elusimicrobiota （%）
HS5	12.58±0.64b	13.61±1.31ab	2.03±0.06a	0.45±0.08b	0.83±0.15a	0.22±0.06b	0.15±0.02a
CL37	19.59±2.93a	15.93±2.94a	1.21±0.3b	1.20±0.41a	0.10±0.12b	0.35±0.06a	0.07±0.05b
HS5＋CL37	16.64±2.83a	11.87±0.63b	1.16±0.39b	0.65±0.06b	0.23±0.19b	0.29±0.08ab	0.04±0.03b
CK	16.13±0.29bc	11.79±1.18b	1.39±0.29b	0.91±0.37ab	0.38±0.4ab	0.22±0.01b	0.07±0.03b

表4 外源接种溶磷菌对油茶根际土壤主要优势细菌属类相对丰度的影响 ( (%)

Table 4 Effect of exogenous PSB inoculation on the relative abundance of dominant bacterial at genera kevel in rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

差异菌属 Differential bacterial genus	处理 Treatments
差异菌属 Differential bacterial genus	HS5	CL37	HS5＋CL37	CK
unclassified_Bacteria	13.61±1.31ab	15.93±2.94a	11.87±0.63b	11.79±1.18b
Sphingomonas	2.46±0.57c	4.84±0.91a	4.69±0.68ab	3.47±0.54bc
unclassified_Acidobacteriales	3.80±0.44a	3.71±0.74a	2.63±0.59b	3.95±0.19a
Acidibacter	2.59±0.25a	1.17±0.10b	2.36±0.57a	1.93±0.75ab
uncultured_Acidobacteria_bacterium	3.59±0.84a	0.88±0.47bc	2.17±0.47b	1.37±0.42c
unclassified_Subgroup_2	2.89±0.44a	1.04±0.62b	1.93±0.50b	1.83±0.29b
Pseudolabrys	1.77±0.06a	1.23±0.29b	1.63±0.18a	1.43±0.21ab
unclassified_IMCC26256	1.13±0.10b	1.92±0.53a	1.24±0.12b	1.60±0.37ab

图6 油茶根际土壤差异细菌与土壤理化和磷酸酶活性的冗余分析

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of differential bacteria in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera and soil physicochemical and phosphatase activity

图7 外源接种溶磷菌下环境因子及细菌群落对油茶养分吸收的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of environmental factors and bacterial communities on the nutrient uptake of C. oleifera under exogenous PSB inoculation

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