当归4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶基因家族的鉴定与功能表征

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0417

生物技术通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 293-305.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0417

当归4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶基因家族的鉴定与功能表征

李勒松¹^,²^,³(), 张金金¹^,²^,³, 贺佳蝶¹^,²^,³, 梁艳丽¹^,², 杨生超¹^,³, 栗孟飞⁴, 赵艳¹^,²^,³()

^1.云南农业大学西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心云南省药用植物生物学重点实验室，昆明 650201
^2.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，昆明 650201
^3.云南特色植物提取实验室，昆明 650106
^4.甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-04-20 出版日期:2026-02-26 发布日期:2026-03-17
通讯作者: 赵艳，女，博士，教授，研究方向：药用植物学；E-mail: zhaoyankm@126.com
作者简介:李勒松，女，硕士研究生，研究方向：药用植物学；E-mail: lls15126334094@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(82460743);云南省科技计划项目(202304B1090009);云南特色植物提取实验室自主研究项目基金(2022YKZY001);云南省兴滇英才支持计划“青年人才”项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0219)

Identification and Functional Characterization of the 4-Coumarate∶coenzyme A Ligase Gene Family in Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels

LI Le-song¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Jin-jin¹^,²^,³, HE Jia-die¹^,²^,³, LIANG Yan-li¹^,², YANG Sheng-chao¹^,³, LI Meng-fei⁴, ZHAO Yan¹^,²^,³()

^1.National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
^2.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
^3.Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650106
^4.Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2025-04-20 Published:2026-02-26 Online:2026-03-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶（4-coumarate：coenzyme A ligase, 4CL）在当归根部木质素生物合成中的作用，为通过遗传改良或栽培手段定向调控当归药材品质奠定基础。方法通过生物信息学方法鉴定当归4CL基因家族，开展蛋白理化性质、二级结构预测、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件以及系统进化分析，通过大肠杆菌异源表达和体外酶活验证基因功能，利用实时荧光定量PCR分析基因表达特征。结果在当归基因组中共鉴定到12个As4CLs，编码415‒572个氨基酸，相对分子质量在45‒62 kD，等电点范围为5.47‒9.06，二级结构以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主。系统进化分析将As4CL6与As4CL7归在Group I，其余As4CLs均属于Group Ⅲ。氨基酸序列比对结果显示As4CLs含有2个功能保守结构域Box I和Box Ⅱ。启动子分析结果显示，As4CLs基因含有丰富的光响应元件、激素响应元件及非生物胁迫响应元件；体外酶活实验证明As4CL6与As4CL7均能够催化4-香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸生成相应的辅酶A硫酯，且两个酶均对阿魏酸的亲和力最强；RT-qPCR结果显示As4CL6和As4CL7在当归抽薹根部的表达量高于未抽薹根部。结论成功克隆了As4CL6与As4CL7基因，通过体外酶活实验证明2个重组蛋白对3种底物均具有催化活性。

关键词: 4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶, 当归, 抽薹, RT-qPCR

Abstract:

Objective Exploring the role of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) in lignin biosynthesis in the roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, laying the foundation for targeted regulation of A. sinensis medicinal quality through genetic improvement or cultivation methods. Method The 4CL gene family of A. sinensis was identified using bioinformatics methods. The analysis on protein physicochemical properties, secondary structure prediction, gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, and systematic evolution were conducted. The gene function was verified through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and enzymatic assay in vitro, and its expression characteristics were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Result A total of 12 As4CLs were identified in the genome of A. sinensis, encoding 415‒572 amino acids, relative molecular weights ranging from 45 to 62 kD, and isoelectric points ranging from 5.47 to 9.06. The secondary structure is mainly composed of irregular coils and α-helices. System evolution analysis categorizes As4CL6 and As4CL7 as Group I, while the remaining As4CLs belong to Group Ⅲ. The amino acid sequence alignment results showed that As4CLs contain two functionally conserved domains, Box I and Box Ⅱ. Promoter analysis showed that the As4CLs contain abundant light responsive elements, hormone responsive elements, and abiotic stress responsive elements. In vitro enzymatic assay showed that both As4CL6 and As4CL7 catalyzed 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid to form corresponding coenzyme A thioesters, and both enzymes have the strongest affinity for ferulic acid. The RT-qPCR results showed that the expressions of As4CL6 and As4CL7 were higher in the roots of A. sinensis with bolting than in the roots unbolting. Conclusion The genes of As4CL6 and As4CL7 are successfully cloned, and enzymatic assay in vitro confirm that the two recombinant proteins demonstrate catalytic activity towards three substrates.

Key words: 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase, Angelica sinensis, bolting, RT-qPCR

李勒松, 张金金, 贺佳蝶, 梁艳丽, 杨生超, 栗孟飞, 赵艳. 当归4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶基因家族的鉴定与功能表征[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(2): 293-305.

LI Le-song, ZHANG Jin-jin, HE Jia-die, LIANG Yan-li, YANG Sheng-chao, LI Meng-fei, ZHAO Yan. Identification and Functional Characterization of the 4-Coumarate∶coenzyme A Ligase Gene Family in Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 293-305.

图/表 15

图1 苯丙烷代谢途径

Fig. 1 Metabolic pathway of phenylpropane metabolism

表1 引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence （5′-3′）	备注 Note
As4CL6-F	cagcaaatgggtcgcggatccATGGGGGATTGTGTAGCACC	基因克隆
As4CL6-R	cagtggtggtggtggtggtgTTATTTGGGAAGATCACCGGATGC	Gene cloning
As4CL7-F	cagcaaatgggtcgcggatccATGGATACCAAAACAAACAAGAAACAAG
As4CL7-R	cagtggtggtggtggtggtgTTAGTTTTGAGGAAGATCGCCAGC
q-As4CL6-F	TTCGTCAGGTACCACAGGAC	实时荧光定量
q-As4CL6-R	CCCCTGCTCTAAGTCCACAA	RT-qPCR
q-As4CL7-F	ATAAAATCGGGTGCGTGTGG
q-As4CL7-R	TGCAGCCAACCTTCTTTGTC
EEF1G-F	GTCCCAGCAGCCAAAAAGTC	内参基因
EEF1G-R	TCTGCCTTGGGCAATTCCTT	Reference genes

表2 As4CLs蛋白理化性质

Table 2 Physicochemical properties of As4CLs protein

基因名 Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	氨基酸数量 Number of amino acids （aa）	分子量 Molecular weight （Da）	等电点 Isoelectric point	不稳定系数 Instability index	亲水系数 Hydrophilicity coefficient	亚细胞定位Subcellular localization
As4CL1	AS01G01317	541	59 348.05	8.90	33.77	0.068	过氧化物酶体
As4CL2	AS02G00709	502	54 877.60	6.84	35.33	0.109	过氧化物酶体
As4CL3	AS04G00278	572	62 011.86	6.22	54.87	-0.061	过氧化物酶体
As4CL4	AS04G02110	470	50 783.66	7.60	40.56	0.077	过氧化物酶体
As4CL5	AS05G03160	415	45 242.42	6.16	33.56	0.134	过氧化物酶体
As4CL6	AS06G02531	548	60 207.84	5.47	34.15	0.057	过氧化物酶体
As4CL7	AS07G02833	549	60 205.70	5.87	33.28	-0.013	过氧化物酶体
As4CL8	AS07G03471	475	51 047.82	9.06	45.65	-0.004	过氧化物酶体
As4CL9	AS08G00981	568	62 771.36	6.71	37.89	0.065	过氧化物酶体
As4CL10	AS09G00363	543	59 783.05	8.76	39.09	-0.042	过氧化物酶体
As4CL11	AS09G01563	544	59 805.70	7.08	37.46	-0.100	过氧化物酶体
As4CL12	ASUnG00581	550	60 229.63	5.70	35.50	0.024	过氧化物酶体

表3 As4CLs蛋白质二级结构分析

Table 3 Secondary structure analysis of As4CLs protein

基因名 Gene name	α-螺旋 Alpha helix （%）	β-折叠 Beta turn （%）	延伸链 Extended strand （%）	无规则卷曲 Random coil （%）
As4CL1	30.87	7.76	19.59	41.77
As4CL2	33.27	7.97	20.32	38.45
As4CL3	29.72	6.82	17.66	45.80
As4CL4	32.77	7.66	19.79	39.79
As4CL5	30.60	7.95	20.00	41.45
As4CL6	29.96	6.99	19.49	43.57
As4CL7	30.28	6.97	19.45	43.30
As4CL8	30.95	8.21	20.21	40.63
As4CL9	28.87	6.51	17.96	46.65
As4CL10	31.68	7.00	19.15	42.17
As4CL11	30.33	6.99	19.67	43.01
As4CL12	30.55	6.91	19.45	43.09

图2 As4CLs基因家族成员的染色体定位

Fig. 2 Chromosome localization of As4CLs gene family members

图3 当归As4CLs基因家族的系统发育分析当归As4CLs家族成员用三角形标注。At：拟南芥；Os：水稻；Gm：大豆；Pt：毛白杨；Cs：茶树；Pp：白花前胡；Pc：欧芹；Dc：胡萝卜。蛋白名称及ID号见附表1

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic analysis of the As4CLs gene family in A. sinensisMembers of the As4CLs family in A. sinensis are labeled with triangles. At: Arabidopsis thaliana; Os: Oryza sativa; Gm: Glycine max; Pt: Populus tomentosa; Cs: Camellia sinensis; Pp: Peucedanum praeruptorum; Pc: Petroselinum crispum; Dc: Daucus carota. Protein names and ID numbers are listed in Supplementary table 1

图4 当归As4CLs基因结构和保守结构域A：基因结构；B：保守结构域；C：内含子与外显子结构

Fig. 4 The structure and conserved domains of the As4CLs gene in A. sinensisA: Gene structure. B: Conserved domain. C: Intron and exon structures

图5 当归As4CLs氨基酸序列比对分析

Fig. 5 Alignment analysis of As4CLs amino acid sequences in A. sinensis

图6 As4CLs基因启动子顺式作用元件分析

Fig. 6 Analysis of cis-acting elements of As4CLs gene promoter

图7 电泳检测分析A：琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增产物；B：As4CLs蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析；M：Marker；1：As4CL6；2：As4CL7；3：pET-28a-As4CL6重组蛋白；4：pET-28a-As4CL7重组蛋白

Fig. 7 Electrophoretic detection analysisA: Detection of amplified products by agarose gel electrophoresis; B: SDS-PAGE analysis of As4CLs protein. M: Marker; 1: As4CL6; 2: As4CL7; 3: purified pET-28a-As4CL6 protein; 4: purified pET-28a-As4CL7 protein

图8 As4CL6与As4CL7的功能表征A‒C：As4CL6、As4CL7体外酶促反应产物的HPLC分析；D‒F：产物标准品的LC-MS分析；G‒L：As4CL6、As4CL7体外酶促反应产物的LC-MS分析。CM、CF、FA分别代表4-香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸；CM-CoA、CF-CoA、FA-CoA分别代表4-香豆酰辅酶A、咖啡酰辅酶A和阿魏酰辅酶A

Fig. 8 Functional profiling of As4CL6 and As4CL7A‒C: HPLC analysis of in vitro enzymatic reaction products of As4CL6 and As4CL7; D-F: LC-MS analysis of product standards; G‒L: LC-MS analysis of in vitro enzymatic reaction products of As4CL6 and As4CL7. CM, CF, and FA refers to 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid; CM-CoA, CF-CoA, and FA-CoA represent 4-coumaroyl CoA, caffeoyl CoA, and feruloyl CoA, respectively

图9 As4CL6与As4CL7的酶动力学分析A：4CL6对不同底物的非线性回归曲线；B：4CL7对不同底物的非线性回归曲线。CM、CF、FA分别代表4-香豆酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸

Fig. 9 Enzyme kinetic analysis of As4CL6 and As4CL7A: Nonlinear regression curve of 4CL6 on different substrates. B: Nonlinear regression curve of 4CL7 on different substrates. CM, CF, and FA stand for 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid

表4 As4CL6与As4CL7的动力学参数

Table 4 Kinetic parameters of As4CL6 and As4CL7

酶 Enzyme	底物 Substrate	K_m （μmol/L）	V_max （μmol·L^-1·min^-1）	V_max/K_m （10^-3/min）
As4CL6	4-香豆酸	60.73	0.088 83	1.462 7
	咖啡酸	96.28	0.034 96	0.363 1
	阿魏酸	46.77	0.070 77	1.513 1
As4CL7	4-香豆酸	47.55	0.260 20	5.472 1
	咖啡酸	166.10	0.244 70	1.473 2
	阿魏酸	39.61	0.282 20	7.124 5

图10 As4CL6和As4CL7表达量分析UBP：未抽薹植株根部；BP：抽薹植株根部；** P<0.01

Fig. 10 Analysis of As4CL6 and As4CL7 expressionsUBP: Roots of unbolting plants; BP: roots of bolting plants;** P<0.01

图11 木质素合成途径相关基因的蛋白互作网络分析

Fig. 11 Protein-protein interaction network of lignin biosynthetic pathway genes

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当归4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶基因家族的鉴定与功能表征

Identification and Functional Characterization of the 4-Coumarate∶coenzyme A Ligase Gene Family in Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels

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