生物技术通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 278-292.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0585
杨子涵1,2,3(
), 李葵秀1,2,3, 李俊良1,2,3, 吕文慧1,2,3, 何温婷4, 刘旭燕5, 刘冠泽1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-06-06
出版日期:2026-02-26
发布日期:2026-03-17
通讯作者:
刘冠泽,男,教授,研究方向 :药用植物生物技术与育种;E-mail: guanzeliu@ynau.edu.cn作者简介:杨子涵,女,硕士研究生,研究方向 :三七种质资源评价与遗传改良;E-mail: 1439104670@qq.com
基金资助:
YANG Zi-han1,2,3(
), LI Kui-xiu1,2,3, LI Jun-liang1,2,3, LYU Wen-hui1,2,3, HE Wen-ting4, LIU Xu-yan5, LIU Guan-ze1,2(
)
Received:2025-06-06
Published:2026-02-26
Online:2026-03-17
摘要:
目的 快速碱化因子(rapid alkalinization factors, RALFs)是一类植物多肽类激素,参与植物免疫应答反应,在三七全基因组水平对RALF基因家族进行鉴定并探究PnoRALFs基因家族在三七免疫反应中的作用。 方法 利用生物信息学分析方法对PnoRALFs基因家族进行鉴定,对该基因家族染色体分布、蛋白理化性质、系统发育树、保守基序、基因结构、启动子顺式元件和组织特异性进行表达分析;采用4种外源激素水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、脱落酸(ABA)、乙烯(ETH)处理及毁灭柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)侵染,分析基因表达模式,并利用烟草瞬时表达验证关键基因的功能。 结果 三七全基因组中共鉴定到13个PnoRALFs基因,分布于8条染色体,分为Ⅰ亚类和Ⅱ亚类;基因结构和保守基序分析发现,PnoRALFs基因含有保守的RRXL基序和YISY保守基序;顺式元件预测发现PnoRALFs基因启动子区段含有多种激素如ABA、MeJA、SA和赤霉素(GA)等响应元件。组织特异性表达分析发现,13个PnoRALFs基因在不同组织中的表达水平存在显著差异;此外,4种外源激素处理下,PnoRALF2、PnoRALF5、PnoRALF6、PnoRALF9表达量呈现上调趋势;毁灭柱孢侵染后转录组数据及RT-qPCR分析发现,9个PnoRALFs响应毁灭柱孢侵染,其中PnoRALF9表达量显著上调;烟草瞬时表达PnoRALF9后,烟草中PTI途径NbFPK1、NbWRKY29和ROS途径NbMPK6、NbGAPDH表达量上调。 结论 三七全基因组共鉴定到13个PnoRALFs基因,PnoRALF9响应4种外源激素处理及毁灭柱孢侵染,瞬时过表达后诱导植物免疫相关基因表达,推测PnoRALF9在三七抗病免疫反应中发挥重要作用。
杨子涵, 李葵秀, 李俊良, 吕文慧, 何温婷, 刘旭燕, 刘冠泽. 三七RALF基因家族鉴定及表达分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(2): 278-292.
YANG Zi-han, LI Kui-xiu, LI Jun-liang, LYU Wen-hui, HE Wen-ting, LIU Xu-yan, LIU Guan-ze. Identification and Expression Analysis of the RALF Gene Family in Panax notoginseng[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 278-292.
| 基因 Gene | 上游引物Forward primer (5′-3′) | 下游引物序列Reverse primer (5′-3′) |
|---|---|---|
| PnACT2 | GATTGATCTTGGCACCGGGA | TGACCAACCCACGACCTTTC |
| PnoRALF1 | GCTACATGCAACGGTCTGATC | TGCAGTTGTAGTAGGAGGCTC |
| PnoRALF2 | CCACCTGAACTCTATTGGGT | CGCACCGTAGCTGATGTA |
| PnoRALF3 | AGTGATGCTGATGGACTCGG | CGTCTGTAGGGATTGGCTCT |
| PnoRALF4 | CCACCTGAACTCTATTGGGT | GGGAGTACGGATTTGCCTG |
| PnoRALF5 | CGACATGGATTCAGAGAGC | ACGGTTGTAAGGGTTAGCTT |
| PnoRALF6 | CGCCTCCTACTACAACTGTA | ACCAGCATCCATCACAAATC |
| PnoRALF7 | GCAAACAGTCGGTACATCAG | GGGAGTACGGATTTGCCTG |
| PnoRALF8 | GATTCATGGTCGTTTGTCAC | CTGGCCTCGTTTGTTACATG |
| PnoRALF9 | TGATCTTGCTCCCATTTCCA | GGCTGATCTCCGAATCCATA |
| PnoRALF10 | TGTTTCGACGGTGGTGTTTC | CACACACCTGCTCGTTTCTC |
| PnoRALF11 | ATGATGTTGGATTCGGAGGC | CGTCTGTAGGGATTGGCTCT |
| PnoRALF12 | AGTCCTAATCCTGCTGTGTTTC | CGGTTTATCTCCGAATCCATCA |
| PnoRALF13 | CGGAGGTTTCTTGCAGCAAA | CGGAGGTTTCTTGCAGCAAA |
| pEAQ-HT-PnoRALF9 | cccaaattcgcgaccggtATGGGAAAG TCTACTGGTTTTCTCG | atgaaaccagagttaaaggcctcgagACGCC GGCACCGAGTGAT |
表1 PnoRALFs基因家族实时荧光定量引物
Table 1 Primers for the RT-qPCR analysis of PnoRALFs
| 基因 Gene | 上游引物Forward primer (5′-3′) | 下游引物序列Reverse primer (5′-3′) |
|---|---|---|
| PnACT2 | GATTGATCTTGGCACCGGGA | TGACCAACCCACGACCTTTC |
| PnoRALF1 | GCTACATGCAACGGTCTGATC | TGCAGTTGTAGTAGGAGGCTC |
| PnoRALF2 | CCACCTGAACTCTATTGGGT | CGCACCGTAGCTGATGTA |
| PnoRALF3 | AGTGATGCTGATGGACTCGG | CGTCTGTAGGGATTGGCTCT |
| PnoRALF4 | CCACCTGAACTCTATTGGGT | GGGAGTACGGATTTGCCTG |
| PnoRALF5 | CGACATGGATTCAGAGAGC | ACGGTTGTAAGGGTTAGCTT |
| PnoRALF6 | CGCCTCCTACTACAACTGTA | ACCAGCATCCATCACAAATC |
| PnoRALF7 | GCAAACAGTCGGTACATCAG | GGGAGTACGGATTTGCCTG |
| PnoRALF8 | GATTCATGGTCGTTTGTCAC | CTGGCCTCGTTTGTTACATG |
| PnoRALF9 | TGATCTTGCTCCCATTTCCA | GGCTGATCTCCGAATCCATA |
| PnoRALF10 | TGTTTCGACGGTGGTGTTTC | CACACACCTGCTCGTTTCTC |
| PnoRALF11 | ATGATGTTGGATTCGGAGGC | CGTCTGTAGGGATTGGCTCT |
| PnoRALF12 | AGTCCTAATCCTGCTGTGTTTC | CGGTTTATCTCCGAATCCATCA |
| PnoRALF13 | CGGAGGTTTCTTGCAGCAAA | CGGAGGTTTCTTGCAGCAAA |
| pEAQ-HT-PnoRALF9 | cccaaattcgcgaccggtATGGGAAAG TCTACTGGTTTTCTCG | atgaaaccagagttaaaggcctcgagACGCC GGCACCGAGTGAT |
| 基因 | 基因ID | 氨基酸数 | 分子量 | 等电点 | 亲水性 | 亚细胞定位 | 信号肽 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene name | Gene ID | Number of amino acids | Molecular weight (kD) | pl | GRAVY | Subcellular localization | Signal peptide |
| PnoRALF1 | Pno01G005926.t1 | 128 | 14.06 | 9.03 | -0.30 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF2 | Pno03G001289.t1 | 126 | 13.74 | 8.91 | -0.11 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF3 | Pno03G005478.t1 | 131 | 14.39 | 0.24 | -0.22 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF4 | Pno03G005479.t1 | 125 | 13.75 | 9.54 | -0.44 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF5 | Pno06G000518.t1 | 114 | 12.33 | 8.60 | -0.20 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF6 | Pno07G004032.t1 | 158 | 17.28 | 9.15 | 0.24 | 质膜 Plasma membrane | Yes |
| PnoRALF7 | Pno09G001048.t1 | 109 | 12.07 | 7.50 | -0.35 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF8 | Pno10G000839.t1 | 123 | 13.77 | 9.83 | -0.19 | 细胞外Extracellular | No |
| PnoRALF9 | Pno11G003888.t1 | 133 | 14.33 | 8.99 | -0.08 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF10 | Pno12G001525.t1 | 110 | 12.31 | 7.54 | -0.07 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF11 | Pno284G000001.t1 | 125 | 12.75 | 9.54 | -0.44 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF12 | Pno606G000002.t1 | 110 | 12.30 | 7.54 | -0.07 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF13 | Pno606G000003.t1 | 113 | 12.46 | 8.69 | -0.29 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
表2 PnoRALFs基因家族基本理化性质
Table 2 Basic physicochemical properties of PnoRALFs gene family
| 基因 | 基因ID | 氨基酸数 | 分子量 | 等电点 | 亲水性 | 亚细胞定位 | 信号肽 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene name | Gene ID | Number of amino acids | Molecular weight (kD) | pl | GRAVY | Subcellular localization | Signal peptide |
| PnoRALF1 | Pno01G005926.t1 | 128 | 14.06 | 9.03 | -0.30 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF2 | Pno03G001289.t1 | 126 | 13.74 | 8.91 | -0.11 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF3 | Pno03G005478.t1 | 131 | 14.39 | 0.24 | -0.22 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF4 | Pno03G005479.t1 | 125 | 13.75 | 9.54 | -0.44 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF5 | Pno06G000518.t1 | 114 | 12.33 | 8.60 | -0.20 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF6 | Pno07G004032.t1 | 158 | 17.28 | 9.15 | 0.24 | 质膜 Plasma membrane | Yes |
| PnoRALF7 | Pno09G001048.t1 | 109 | 12.07 | 7.50 | -0.35 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF8 | Pno10G000839.t1 | 123 | 13.77 | 9.83 | -0.19 | 细胞外Extracellular | No |
| PnoRALF9 | Pno11G003888.t1 | 133 | 14.33 | 8.99 | -0.08 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF10 | Pno12G001525.t1 | 110 | 12.31 | 7.54 | -0.07 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF11 | Pno284G000001.t1 | 125 | 12.75 | 9.54 | -0.44 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF12 | Pno606G000002.t1 | 110 | 12.30 | 7.54 | -0.07 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
| PnoRALF13 | Pno606G000003.t1 | 113 | 12.46 | 8.69 | -0.29 | 细胞外Extracellular | Yes |
图6 PnoRALFs基因在不同组织表达模式分析A:PnoRALFs 基因在不同组织的转录组数据;B:PnoRALFs基因在不同组织的相对表达量。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,下同
Fig. 6 Expression profiling of PnoRALFs gene in different tissuesA: Transcriptome expression data of PnoRALFs gene in different tissues. B: Relative expressions of PnoRALFs gene in different tissues. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. The same below
图11 PnoRALFs基因响应毁灭柱孢侵染表达模式分析A:PnoRALFs基因响应毁灭柱孢侵染的转录组数据;B:PnoRALFs基因响应毁灭柱孢侵染的相对表达量
Fig. 11 Expression profiling of PnoRALFs gene in response to C. destructans infectionA: Transcriptomic data of PnoRALFs gene in response to C. destructans infection.B: Relative expression of PnoRALFs gene reponding to C. destructans infection
图12 瞬时转化PnoRALF9后烟草表型及相关基因表达分析A:瞬时转化PnoRLAF9后GFP基因表达的烟草表型;B:瞬时转化后PnoRLAF9基因表达量分析;C:烟草中免疫相关基因表达分析
Fig. 12 Analysis of phenotypic and gene expression in N. benthamiana following transient transformation of PnoRALF9A: Phenotype of GFP expression in N. benthamiana following transient expression of PnoRALF9. B: Analysis of PnoRALF9 expression after transient transformation. C: Expression analysis of immune-related genes in N. benthamiana
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