γ-氨基丁酸对肉鸡抗氧化能力及盲肠菌群结构的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0553

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、抗氧化能力以及盲肠菌群结构的影响。方法选取408只体重相近的1日龄罗斯308肉鸡，随机分为2组（每组6个重复，每个重复34只鸡）：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础饲粮，GABA组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加GABA（50 mg/kg）的试验饲粮。试验期共42 d。结果饲粮添加GABA显著提高了肉鸡胸肌粗脂肪含量、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性以及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05），显著降低了胸肌剪切力和血清丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）。微生物分析表明，GABA组肉鸡盲肠微生物群落组成与CON组存在显著差异（P<0.05），其中另枝菌属和布劳特氏菌属的相对丰度较CON组显著提高（P<0.05），文肯菌属和副拟杆菌属的相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05），且另枝菌属和布劳特氏菌属的相对丰度与肉鸡胸肌粗脂肪含量、肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活性以及T-AOC呈正相关（P<0.05），与胸肌剪切力、血清MDA含量呈负相关（P<0.05），文肯菌属相对丰度与肉鸡肝脏GSH-Px活性和T-AOC呈负相关（P<0.05）。此外，PICRUSt2功能预测结果显示，GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群在戊糖与葡萄糖醛酸互变、鞘脂代谢、硝基甲苯降解、类固醇激素生物合成和N-聚糖生物合成方面的功能较CON组显著提高（P<0.05），在阿米巴病方面的功能较CON组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论在饲粮中添加50 mg/kg的GABA具有促进42日龄肉鸡胸肌脂肪沉积、提高胸肌嫩度、增强抗氧化能力、改变盲肠菌群结构的作用。

关键词: γ-氨基丁酸, 肉鸡, 生长性能, 肉品质, 抗氧化能力, 盲肠菌群结构

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and cecal microbial structure of broilers. Method A total of 408 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into 2 groups (6 replicates per group and 34 chickens per replicate): the control group (CON group) was fed with the basal diet, while the GABA group was fed with the experimental diet supplemented with GABA (50 mg/kg) based on the basal diet. The trial lasted for 42 d. Result Dietary supplementation with GABA significantly increased the ether extract content in the breast muscle, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the livers of broilers (P<0.05), while significantly decreased the shear force in breast muscle and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum (P<0.05). Microbial analysis indicated that the cecal microbiota composition of broilers in the GABA group was significantly different from that in the CON group (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the relative abundances of Alistipes and Blautia significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Rikenella and Parabacteroides significantly decreased in the GABA group (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundances of Alistipes and Blautia were positively correlated with the ether extract content in breast muscle, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the T-AOC in the liver (P<0.05), while negatively correlated with the shear force in breast muscle and the MDA content in serum of broilers (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Rikenella was negatively correlated with the activities of GSH-Px and T-AOC in the liver of broilers (P<0.05). Additionally, the PICRUSt2 functional predicting results showed that the cecal microbiota of broilers in the GABA group significantly enhanced functions in pentose and glucuronate interconversions, sphingolipid metabolism, nitrotoluene degradation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and N-glycan biosynthesis (P<0.05), and significantly reduced functions in amoebiasis disease compared with the CON group (P<0.05). Conclusion Adding 50 mg/kg of GABA to the diet may promote the fat deposition in breast muscle, improve the tenderness of breast muscle, enhance the antioxidant capacity, and change the structure of cecal microbiota of broiler at 42 d of age.

Key words: γ-aminobutyric acid, broiler, growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, cecal microbial structure

马顺, 赵旭, 刘雪, 陈广坤, 高悦, 丁瑾, 张竞伊, 赵怡萌, 公丽玉, 李洪涛. γ-氨基丁酸对肉鸡抗氧化能力及盲肠菌群结构的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(12): 351-359.

MA Shun, ZHAO Xu, LIU Xue, CHEN Guang-kun, GAO Yue, DING Jin, ZHANG Jing-yi, ZHAO Yi-meng, GONG Li-yu, LI Hong-tao. Effects of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Antioxidant Capacity and Cecal Microbial Structure of Broilers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 351-359.

图/表 9

表1 CON组和GABA组肉鸡生长性能比较分析

Table 1 Comparative analysis of the growth performance of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group

项目 Item	CON组 CON group	GABA组 GABA group	P值 P-value
平均日采食量 ADFI （g/d）	94.68±0.63	95.54±0.62	0.353
平均日增重 ADG （g/d）	63.92±0.53	64.24±0.42	0.654
料重比 F/G	1.48±0.01	1.49±0.01	0.583
欧洲效益指数 EPI	417.26±5.51	417.65±4.28	0.957

表2 CON组和GABA组肉鸡胸肌肉品质比较分析

Table 2 Comparative analysis of the breast meat quality of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group

项目 Item	CON组 CON group	GABA组 GABA group	P值 P-value
干物质 DM （%）	26.30±0.23	26.50±0.31	0.615
粗蛋白质 CP （%）	21.77±0.17	21.64±0.31	0.737
粗脂肪 EE （%）	2.33±0.09	3.09±0.06	<0.001
能量 Energy （KJ/g）	6.12±0.04	6.34±0.11	0.090
pHi	6.03±0.02	6.08±0.02	0.134
pHu	5.56±0.05	5.63±0.02	0.208
ooked meat percentage （%）熟肉率 C	71.05±0.51	70.97±0.60	0.914
蒸煮损失 Cooking loss （%）	15.16±0.96	14.00±0.24	0.299
剪切力 Shear force （N）	85.88±7.20	62.82±2.01	0.008

表3 CON组和GABA组肉鸡抗氧化能力比较分析

Table 3 Comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacity of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group

部位 Parts	项目 Items	CON组 CON group	GABA组 GABA group	P值 P-value
胸肌 Breast muscle	丙二醛 MDA （nmol/gprot）	404.76±39.74	350.54±29.70	0.320
胸肌 Breast muscle	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD （U/mgprot）	3.71±0.11	3.80±0.08	0.555
肝脏 Liver	丙二醛 MDA （nmol/gprot）	620.36±78.42	570.87±95.13	0.695
	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD （U/mgprot）	73.72±6.16	115.81±9.26	0.005
	谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px （U/mgprot）	55.69±4.00	99.27±6.31	<0.001
	总抗氧化能力 T-AOC （U/mgprot）	2.28±0.12	3.73±0.06	<0.001
血清 Serum	丙二醛 MDA （nmol/mL）	4.08±0.11	3.18±0.21	0.005
	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD （U/mL）	118.44±6.02	119.84±6.23	0.875
	谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px （U/mL）	2 580.88±161.53	3 009.12±253.61	0.208
	总抗氧化能力 T-AOC （U/mL）	17.85±0.26	17.60±1.49	0.871

图1 CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群OTU的Venn图

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of the OTU of cecal microbiota of broilers in the CON group and the GABA group

图2 CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群α多样性比较分析

Fig. 2 Comparative analysis of the α diversity of cecal microbiota of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group

图3 CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群β多样性比较分析A：CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群PCoA分析；B：CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群Adonis分组检验

Fig. 3 Comparative analysis of the β diversity of cecal microbiota of broilersA: Analysis of the PCoA of cecal microbiota of broilers in the CON group and the GABA group. B: Adonis grouping test of cecal microbiota of broilersin the CON group and the GABA groupbetween the CON group and the GABA group

图4 CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群组成比较分析A：CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠门水平菌群组成（前10）；B：CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠属水平菌群组成（前10）；C：CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠属水平菌群差异比较分析

Fig. 4 Comparative analysis of the composition of cecal microbiota of broilers between the CON group and the GABA groupA: Composition of cecal microbiota at phylum level of broilers betwwen the CON group and the GABA group (top 10). B: Composition of cecal microbiota at genus level of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group (top 10). C: Comparative analysis of the differences of cecal microbiota at genus level of broilers between the CON group and the GABA group

图5 肉鸡盲肠属水平差异菌群（前10）与差异胸肌肉品质、抗氧化指标的Spearman相关性分析EE：胸肌粗脂肪含量；SF：胸肌剪切力；SOD：肝脏SOD活性；GSH-Px：肝脏GSH-Px活性；T-AOC：肝脏T-AOC；MDA：血清MDA含量。*表示显著相关（P<0.05），**和***表示极显著相关（P<0.01和P<0.001）

Fig. 5 Spearman correlation analysis of significantly different meat quality and antioxidant indicators with significantly different cecal microbiota at genus level (top 10) of broilersEE: Breast muscle crude fat content. SF: Breast muscle shear force. SOD: Liver superoxide dismutase activity. GSH-Px: Liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. T-AOC: Liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). MDA: Serum malondialdehyde content. * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), and ** and *** indicate extremely significant correlation (P<0.01 and P<0.001)

图6 CON组和GABA组肉鸡盲肠菌群差异功能预测分析

Fig. 6 Prediction analysis of different function of cecal microbiota of broilers in the CON group and the GABA group

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