虹鳟MHC-UBA基因遗传多样性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 主要组织相容性复合体（Major histocompatibility complex，MHC）是存在于脊椎动物体内，与免疫功能密切相关的高度多态性基因群，也是研究适应性进化过程的最佳候选基因之一。采用PCR-SSCP及克隆测序的方法分析了184尾虹鳟MHCⅠ类UBA基因第2外显子的遗传多样性。结果共检出12个等位基因，其中有11个为首次发现。单个个体最多存在4种等位基因，预示虹鳟UBA基因可能存在2个以上拷贝位点。12种等位基因同源性在98.08%-99.23%之间，核苷酸变异位点百分率6.13%，氨基酸变异位点百分率17.44%。抗原肽结合区（PBR）和非抗原肽结合区（non-PBR）的非同义替换率（d _N）均显著大于同义替换率（d_S）（P<0.001），说明虹鳟UBA基因在进化过程中受到正向选择的作用。氨基酸组分和密码子使用偏性分析表明各同义密码子使用频率不均衡。系统发育分析结果显示，虹鳟UBA基因与大西洋鲑UBA基因亲缘关系较近。研究结果表明，虹鳟UBA基因具有丰富的遗传多样性，可望作为抗病育种应用中的一个潜在遗传标记。

关键词: 虹鳟, UBA基因, 克隆测序, 遗传多样性

Abstract: Major histocompatibility complex（MHC）is central to the vertebrate immune system. The genes of the MHC are amongst the most variable in vertebrates and represent some of the best candidates to study processes of adaptive evolution. In this study, the variation of MHC classⅠUBA gene exon 2 in the 184 Rainbow trout was investigated by PCR-SSCP, followed by cloning and DNA sequencing. For this research 12 alleles were identified, of which 11 were novel. A maximum of four alleles was amplified per individual in this locus, suggesting that there are at least two copies site of UBA gene in Rainbow trout. Variation percentage of nucleotide and amino acids were 6.13% and 17.44%, respectively. The polymorphism information content is 0.794 3. Sequence homology analysis showed that gene homology range from 98.08% to 99.23% among the 12 alleles. The non-synonymous substitutions were significantly higher than the synonymous substitutions in the peptide-binding regions（PBR）and non-PBR（P<0.001）, this result might suggest that the polymorphism of UBA gene seems to be maintained by a positive selection. Frequencies of synonym codons were not distributed equally. The neighbor-joining phylogram of UBA gene showed Rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon was assumed to be closely related. The study indicated that a high level of genetic diversity existed in Rainbow trout, and it might be a potential genetic marker in Rainbow trout breeding.

Key words: Rainbow trout UBA gene, Cloning and sequencing, Genetic diversity

胡丹丹,刘哲,邵淑娟,杨娟,王建福. 虹鳟MHC-UBA基因遗传多样性分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2013, 0(7): 99-106.

Hu Dandan, Liu Zhe, Shao Shujuan, Yang Juan, Wang Jianfu. Genetic Diversity of The MHC-UBA Gene in Rainbow Trout[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2013, 0(7): 99-106.

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