燃料乙醇的发展现状分析及前景展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-1002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着社会经济的高速发展,化石燃料不断消耗及其使用过程所带来的能源短缺、环境污染等问题日益凸显,寻找新的绿色可再生替代能源迫在眉睫。燃料乙醇作为资源丰富、积炭少、可减排温室气体及使用方便的优良燃油品质改善剂及清洁可再生能源,已成为国内外关注并推广使用的绿色燃料。主要对燃料乙醇生产技术的发展进行了综述,重点对燃料乙醇发展历程中各阶段乙醇生产的原料来源、工艺技术进行了论述,讨论了各代燃料乙醇生产过程中所遇到的瓶颈问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。目前,燃料乙醇的生产技术主要经历了三代发展,第一代以玉米等糖质和淀粉质粮食作物为原料的乙醇发酵已经实现商业化生产,虽然工艺成熟,但存在粮食安全问题;第二代以农作物秸秆等废弃植物纤维为原料的乙醇生产目前已具备产业化示范条件,其原料来源广泛,转化技术不断提高,最有发展前景;第三代以藻类等绿色植物为原料的燃料乙醇正处于研发阶段,是未来发展的希望。在燃料乙醇生产技术发展过程论述的基础上,讨论了目前其主要技术瓶颈及发展趋势,旨在为燃料乙醇生产的产业化、经济化及可持续化发展提供相关的理论依据。

关键词: 燃料乙醇, 生产技术, 粮食, 植物纤维, 藻类

Abstract:

With the rapid development of social economy,problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollutions from the continuous consumption of fossil fuels have been increasingly prominent,thus seeking new green renewable alternative energy sources is imminent. Fuel ethanol,as an excellent fuel quality improver and clean renewable energy with advantages of abundant resources,less carbon deposit and GHG emissions mitigation,has become a green fuel being concerned and widely used at home and abroad. In this paper,the development of fuel ethanol production technology is reviewed via focusing on the source of raw materials,production technologies and the bottlenecks in the production of fuel ethanol in different stages,and the development trend was prospected. At present,production technology for fuel ethanol has mainly undergone three generations of development. The first generation of ethanol fermentation using corn and other food crops rich in sugary and starchy as raw materials has been commercialized,however,this causes food safety issue although the processes are mature. The second generation of ethanol production,using waste plant fibers such as crop straw as raw materials,has already met the industrialization demonstration conditions,and it has the most development prospect with the advantages of broad raw materials and constantly improving transformation technologies. The third generation of fuel ethanol using algae as raw material is in the stage of research and development,and it is the hope for the future energy development. Based on the above discussion of fuel ethanol production,its main technical bottlenecks and development trends are summarized,aiming at providing relevant theoretical basis for the industrialization,economization and sustainable development of fuel ethanol production.

Key words: fuel ethanol, production technology, grain, plant fiber, algae

曹运齐, 刘云云, 胡南江, 胡晓玮, 张瑶, 赵于, 吴蔼民. 燃料乙醇的发展现状分析及前景展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(4): 163-169.

CAO Yun-qi, LIU Yun-yun, HU Nan-jiang, HU Xiao-wei, ZHANG Yao, ZHAO Yu, WU Ai-min. Current Status and Prospects of Fuel Ethanol Production[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(4): 163-169.

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