藻类诱变育种技术研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0094

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 藻类诱变育种技术是指利用物理和化学因素诱发藻体产生遗传变异,在短时期内获得有价值的突变体的育种方法。藻类是水生生态系统中主要的初级生产者,与人类生活及经济发展有着密切的关系,是发展“蓝色农业”的基础。诱变育种已经成为提高藻类育种效率,获得新种质的一个重要手段,广泛应用在生物活性物质含量高的微藻、生物能源微藻及一些大型的经济海藻中。在藻类育种中常用的诱变技术主要包括物理和化学诱变技术。物理诱变辐射源包括紫外线、γ射线、重离子束及常压室温等离子体等,化学诱变剂主要包括甲基磺酸乙酯和亚硝基胍等。主要介绍了上述诱变技术的诱变机理和生物学效应,总结了诱变技术在藻类育种中的研究进展及应用前景,以期推动藻类诱变育种的发展。

关键词: 藻类, 物理诱变, 化学诱变, 育种

Abstract: Algal breeding by mutation refers to the method of physical and chemical factors are used to induce genetic variations and to acquire valuable mutants in the short period. Algae are the main primary producer of aquatic ecosystems,closely associated with human life and economic development,and are the basis for human to develop the “blue agriculture”. Mutation breeding has become an important means to improve the efficiency of algae breeding and obtain new species,which is widely applied in microalgae with high bioactive substance contents,biological energy microalgae,and some of the large economic algae. The mutation technologies used in algae breeding mainly include physical and chemical mutagenesis. Ultraviolet,γ-ray,heavy ion beam and ARTP are the physical mutagenesis methods,and ethyl methanesulphonate（EMS）and N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）are the mainly chemical mutagenesis agents. This paper introduces the mechanisms and biological effects of above mentioned mutation technologies,and summarizes the progress and prospects of mutation technology in algae breeding,aiming at promoting the development of algae mutation breeding.

Key words: algae, physics mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, breeding

付峰, 隋正红, 孙利芹, 毕璐萍, 丁丽君, 陈奇. 藻类诱变育种技术研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(10): 58-63.

FU Feng, SUI Zheng-hong, SUN Li-qin, BI Lu-ping, DING Li-jun, CHEN Qi. Research Advance on the Algal Mutation Breeding Technologies[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(10): 58-63.

参考文献

[1] 杨震, 彭选明, 彭伟正. 作物诱变育种研究进展[J]. 激光生物学报, 2016, 25(4):302-308.
[2] 范勇, 胡光荣, 王丽娟, 等. 微藻育种研究进展[J]. 生物学杂志, 2017, 34(2):3-8.
[3] 施巧琴, 吴松刚, 等. 工业微生物育种学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2009.
[4] 钟政, 刘广发. 富含β-胡萝卜素杜氏藻的紫外线诱变筛选[J]. 厦门大学学报:自然科学版, 2008, 47:158-161.
[5] Vigeolas H, Duby F, Kaymak E, et al.Isolation and partial characterization of mutants with elevated lipid content in Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2012, 162(1):3-12.
[6] de Jaeger L, Verbeek R, Springer J, et al. Superior triacylglycerol(TAG)accumulation in starchless mutants of Scenedesmus obliquus:(I)mutant generation and characterisation[J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2014, 7:69.
[7] Lim DKY, Schuhmann H, Sharma K, et al.Isolation of high-lipid Tetraselmis suecica, strains following repeated UV-C mutagenesis, FACS, and high-throughput growth selection[J]. Bioenergy Research, 2015, 8(2):750-759.
[8] 张学成, 秦松等. 海藻遗传学[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2005.
[9] 付峰, 隋正红, 常连鹏, 等. 龙须菜果孢子的紫外诱变及优势突变体的筛选[J], 中国海洋大学学报, 2014, 44(3):50-56.
[10] Godfroy O, Peters AF, Coelho SM, et al.Genome-wide comparison of ultraviolet and ethyl methanesulphonate mutagenesis methods for the brown alga Ectocarpus[J]. Mar Genomics, 2015, 24(1):109-113.
[11] 冯蕾, 唐学玺, 张培玉. 海带育种育苗技术研究进展[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2005, 5(8):491-495.
[12] 魏惠惠, 隋正红, 王津果, 等. 龙须菜果孢子的X射线诱变及优势突变体的筛选[J]. 中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版自然科学版, 2016, 46(9):50-58.
[13] Choi JI, Yoon M, Joe M, et al.Development of microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus, mutant with higher lipid content by radiation breeding[J]. Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering, 2014, 37(12):2437-2444.
[14] Yoon M, Choi JI, Kim GH, et al.Proteomic analysis of Spirogyra varians mutant with high starch content and growth rate induced by gamma irradiation[J]. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2013, 36(6):765-774.
[15] 严兴洪, 梁志强, 宋武林, 等. 坛紫菜人工色素突变体的诱变与分离[J]. 水产学报, 2005, 29(2):166-172.
[16] 严兴洪, 张淑娟, 黄林彬. ⁶⁰Co-γ射线对条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)的诱变效果与色素突变体分离[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2009, 40(1):56-61.
[17] 陈昌生, 徐燕, 谢潮添, 等. 坛紫菜诱变育种的初步研究[J]. 水产学报, 2008, 32(3):327-334.
[18] Zhang BL, Yan XH, Huang LB.Evaluation of an improved strain of Porphyra yezoensis, Ueda(Bangiales, Rhodophyta)with high-temperature tolerance[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2011, 23(5):841-847.
[19] Chen SS, Ding HC, Yan XH.Isolation and characterization of an improved strain of Porphyra chauhanii, (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)with high-temperature resistance[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016, 28(5):1-11.
[20] 周利斌, 李文建, 曲颖, 等. 重离子束辐照育种研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 原子核物理评论, 2008, 25(2):165-170.
[21] 王芝瑶, 马玉彬, 牟润芝, 等. 重离子诱变创制高产油微拟球藻新品种[J]. 生物工程学报, 2013, 29(1):119-122.
[22] Hu G, Fan Y, Zhang L, et al.Enhanced lipid productivity and photosynthesis efficiency in a Desmodesmus sp. mutant induced by heavy carbon ions[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8:e60700.
[23] Wang J, Li X, Lu D, et al.Photosynthetic effect in Selenastrum capricornutum progeny after carbon-ion irradiation[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(2):e0149381.
[24] Niwa K, Hayashi Y, Abe T, et al.Induction and isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis, (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)by heavy-ion beam irradiation[J]. Phycological Research, 2009, 57(3):194-202.
[25] 鲁晓萍. 条斑紫菜抗性相关代谢路径分析及SSR分子标记筛选[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2016.
[26] 李晓捷, 张立楠, 王振华, 等. 一种海带重离子辐射诱变育种新方法, CN 103766214 B[P].2014-05-07.
[27] 张雪, 张晓菲, 王立言, 等. 常压室温等离子体生物诱变育种及其应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(7):2676-2684.
[28] 曹旭鹏, 艾江宁, 刘亚男, 等. 基于常压室温等离子体技术的金藻诱变筛选方法[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2014, 34(12):84-90.
[29] 吴晓英, 柳泽深, 姜悦. 雨生红球藻等离子诱变及高产藻株的筛选[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2016(9):3781-3787.
[30] Fang MY, Jin LH, Zhang C, et al.Rapid mutation of Spirulina platensis by a new mutagenesis system of atmospheric and room temperature plasmas(ARTP)and generation of a mutant library with diverse phenotypes[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10):1-12.
[31] 杨震, 彭选明, 彭伟正. 作物诱变育种研究进展[J]. 激光生物学报, 2016, 25(4):302-308.
[32] Hlavova M, Turoczy Z, Bisova K.Improving microalgae for biotechnology—From genetics to synthetic biology[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2015, 33(6):1194-1203.
[33] Ong SC, Kao CY, Chiu SY, et al.Characterization of the thermal-tolerant mutants of Chlorella sp. with high growth rate and application in outdoor photobioreactor cultivation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(8):2880-2883.
[34] Perin G, Bellan A, Segalla A, et al.Generation of random mutants to improve light-use efficiency of Nannochloropsis gaditana cultures for biofuel production[J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8(1):161.
[35] Shirnalli GG, Kaushik MS, Kumar A, et al.Isolation and characterization of high protein and phycocyanin producing mutants of Arthrospira platensis[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2017, 58(2):162-171.
[36] Sandesh KB, Vidhyavathi R, Sarada R, et al.Enhancement of carotenoids by mutation and stress induced carotenogenic genes in Haematococcus pluvialis mutants[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(18):8667-8673.
[37] 张学成, 费修绠, 王广策, 等. 江蓠属海藻龙须菜的基础研究与大规模栽培[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2009, 39(5):947-954.
[38] 王金锋, 许璞, 朱建一, 等. 紫菜属海藻色素突变的研究[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2007, 28(2):28-35.
[39] 许璞, 费修绠, 张学成, 等. 紫菜色素突变体诱导的研究——Ⅰ. NG对紫菜壳孢子诱变的效果及遗传分析[J]. 海洋通报, 2002, 21(5):19-25.
[40] 李琳, 严兴洪. 坛紫菜绿色突变体的分离与特性分析[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 2006, 15(1):30-35.
[41] 刘录祥, 郭会君, 赵林姝, 等. 植物诱发突变技术育种研究现状与展望[J]. 核农学报, 2009, 23(6):1001-1007.
[42] 谢潮添, 纪德华, 陈昌生, 等. ISSR标记在坛紫菜不同色泽丝状体种质鉴定中的应用[J]. 水产学报, 2007, 31(1):105-111.