乳酸菌在合成生物学中的研究现状及展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-0086

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乳酸菌作为传统食品级微生物,长期应用于食品工业、生活保健、临床医学领域中。随着人们对乳酸菌特殊功能需求的提升,传统筛菌方法由于其技术繁复、周期长、成功率低等缺点,逐渐成为制约乳酸菌行业发展的瓶颈。合成生物学技术的出现,将具有特定功能的基因电路网络导入细胞基因组中,让细胞来完成设计者设想的各种任务,可为解决乳酸菌功能菌株开发难题提供新的机遇。探讨了乳酸菌的菌种特点及其作为合成生物学底盘的优势,综述了乳酸菌合成生物学中元件设计、载体选择、转化方法和基因编辑技术的发展现状,总结并展望了工程化乳酸菌在疾病诊断治疗、食品改善品质和生物能源等方面的应用,讨论了合成生物学在乳酸菌领域进一步应用所需实现的技术突破,旨为乳酸菌合成生物学的发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 乳酸菌, 合成生物学, 肠道调控, 底盘

Abstract: As the traditional food-grade microorganism,lactic acid bacteria have been applied in food industry,health care,and clinical medicine for a long time. With the need for special functions of lactic acid bacteria increasing,the traditional screening strain method gradually becomes the bottleneck of hindering the development of lactic acid industry due to its complex technology,long cycle,and low success rate. Fortunately,synthetic biology provides new opportunities for developing novel functional lactic acid bacteria strains by modifying cells to meet the designer’s demands with the method of introducing a gene network of specific functions into the genome. Firstly,this paper summarizes the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and explores the advantages of lactic acid bacteria as a synthetic biological chassis. Then,this paper reviews the current situation of lactic acid bacteria synthesis biology in component design,vector selection,transformation methods and gene editing techniques. Finally,this paper summarizes the application of engineered lactic acid bacteria in disease diagnosis and treatment,food quality improvement and bioenergy,and discusses the technological breakthroughs promoting the further applications,which would be guidance for the development of synthetic biology in lactic acid bacteria.

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, synthetic biology, intestinal regulation, chassis

刘洋儿, 郭明璋, 杜若曦, 贺晓云, 黄昆仑, 许文涛. 乳酸菌在合成生物学中的研究现状及展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(8): 193-204.

LIU Yang-er, GUO Ming-zhang, DU Ruo-xi, HE Xiao-yun, HUANG Kun-lun, XU Wen-tao. Advances and Prospects of Synthetic Biology in Lactic Acid Bacteria[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(8): 193-204.

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