基因组编辑技术在马铃薯精准分子育种中的应用及研究展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2019-1272

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因组编辑技术经过近十年的快速发展,已成为基因功能研究及精准分子育种强有力的工具。该技术主要是通过造成靶位点双链DNA断裂,引发机体的修复机制,从而在特定位点引入DNA的插入或缺失突变。目前,随着国家实行的马铃薯主粮化战略,人们对于马铃薯品种的需求更加的多样化,而基因组编辑技术将会为马铃薯的定向遗传改良和精准分子育种提供一条高效快捷的技术实现途径。综述了3类主流基因组编辑技术的原理,回顾了基因组编辑技术在马铃薯品种改良和精准分子育种中的应用,讨论了基因组编辑对于马铃薯精准分子育种的意义和目前存在的问题,并对基因组编辑技术在马铃薯精准分子育种中的应用进行了展望,旨在为该技术在以后的马铃薯精准分子育种中的应用提供借鉴和新思路。

关键词: 马铃薯, 基因组编辑, 精准分子育种, 应用

Abstract: After nearly a decade of rapid development,genome editing techniques have become powerful tools for gene function research and precise molecular breeding. These technologies mainly result in the DNA insertion or deletion mutation at the target site by causing double-stranded DNA fracture at these sites and triggering the repair mechanisms of the cells. With the implementation of the national strategy of using potato as staple diet,people’s demand for potato varieties will become more and more multi-faceted,and genome editing will provide efficient and fast technical approaches for directed genetic improvement and precise molecular breeding in potato. In this paper,the principles of three mainstream genome editing techniques were briefly reviewed,their applications in improvement and precise molecular breeding of potato varieties were retrospected,significance and present problems of these techniques in potato precision molecular breeding were discussed,and the future application of genome editing in potato molecular breeding was prospected,aimed at providing reference and new ideas for future potato precision molecular breeding.

Key words: potato, genome editing, precise molecular breeding, application

叶明旺, 李灿辉, 龚明. 基因组编辑技术在马铃薯精准分子育种中的应用及研究展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(3): 9-17.

YE Ming-wang, LI Can-hui, GONG Ming. Applications and Prospect of Genome Editing Techniques in Precise Potato Molecular Breeding[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(3): 9-17.

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