奶牛乳腺炎治疗及抗炎分子机制的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

奶牛乳腺炎是乳腺组织受到病原微生物入侵、血液循环障碍和理化因素刺激等发生的一种炎症反应,是奶牛较常见的疾病之一,严重影响着奶产业的经济效益。近年来,为了不断探索和研发奶牛乳腺炎治疗方法,国内外学者进行研究多种物质在奶牛乳腺炎症中的分子作用机制。本文概述了奶牛乳腺炎的致病原因,重点综述了生物活性物质、矿物元素、维生素和生物制剂分别在奶牛乳腺炎治疗及抗炎分子机制方面的最新研究进展,以期为奶牛乳腺炎的预防和精准治疗的研究提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛, 乳腺炎, 抗炎, 活性物质, 生物治疗

Abstract:

Cow mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of mammary tissue caused by pathogenic microorganisms infection,blood circulation disorders,physicochemical stimulation,etc. It is one of the common diseases of dairy cows,which seriously affects the economic benefits of the dairy industry. In recent years,aiming at continuously exploring and developing treatment methods for cow mastitis,domestic and foreign scholars have studied the roles and molecular mechanisms of various substances on bovine mammary gland inflammation. This paper summarized the pathogenic causes of cow mastitis,and focused on the latest research progress of bioactive substances,mineral elements,vitamins and biological agents in the treatment and anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of cow mastitis,aiming to provide a reference for the studies of the prevention and precise treatment of mastitis in dairy cow.

Key words: dairy cows, mastitis, anti-inflammatory, active substance, biological treatment

王晋鹏, 罗仍卓么, 王兴平, 杨箭, 贾立, 马云, 魏大为. 奶牛乳腺炎治疗及抗炎分子机制的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(12): 212-219.

WANG Jin-peng, LUORENG Zhuo-ma, WANG Xing-ping, YANG Jian, JIA Li, MA Yun, WEI Da-wei. Research Progress in Treatment and Anti-inflammatory Molecular Mechanism of Cow Mastitis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(12): 212-219.

图/表 2

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实验模型 Experimental model	生物活性物质 Bioactive substance	来源 Source	作用机制 Mechanism of action	效果 Effect	参考文献 Reference
E.coli（或LPS）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	咖啡酸	植物源的多酚化合物	抑制NF-κB和MAPK信号通路的活化,显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-1β的表达	减轻bMECs的炎症反应	[11-12]
	桔梗皂苷D	桔梗根	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,同时上调肝核受体α（LXRα）的表达以及抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活		[13-14]
	二十二碳六烯酸	海鱼油脂	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的产生以及NF-κB信号通路的活化。		[15]
	甲氧补骨脂素	伞形科植物	抑制IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-8基因mRNA的表达、降低环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）的蛋白水平、促进高迁移率族蛋白B1（high-mobility group box 1,HMGB1）从细胞核向细胞质的转移;并显著抑制NF-κB易位和信号转导子及转录激活子（signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT1）的磷酸化		[16]
	鱼腥草素钠	鱼腥草	抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的产生以及P-p65和IκBα降解,进而抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化。		[17-18]
	桑色素	桑科中草药	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达以及NF-κB和MAPK信号通路的活化		[19]
S. aureus（或LTA）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	麝香草酚	百里香和牛至	抑制NF-κB的活化,并以剂量依赖性的方式抑制S. aureus在bMECs中的内化作用,并下调气管抗菌肽（tracheal antimicrobial peptide,TAP）和β-防御素5（β-defensin 5,BNBD5）基因mRNA的表达	发挥bMECs的抗炎作用	[20-21]
S. aureus（或LTA）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	连翘酯苷A	连翘	显著下调TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,并通过抑制P38、ERK、JNK和P-p65而干扰MAPK和NF-κB信号通路的激活。	发挥bMECs的抗炎作用	[22-23]
氨诱导的bMECs的氧化应激模型	黄芪甲苷	黄芪	胱天蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）和p53磷酸化水平显著降低,通过激活核因子红细胞2相关因子2-抗氧化反应元件信号通路（nuclear factor erythrocyte two related factors-2-antioxidant response element,Nrf2-ARE）抑制ROS的产生	降低bMECs的氧化应激,减轻细胞炎症损伤	[24-25]
氨诱导的bMECs的氧化应激模型	茶多酚	绿茶	降低ROS的产生和增强核因子红细胞2 样2（nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2,NFE2L2）以及血红素氧化酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HMOX1）途径	降低bMECs的氧化应激,减轻细胞炎症损伤	[26]

实验模型 Experimental model	生物活性物质 Bioactive substance	来源 Source	作用机制 Mechanism of action	效果 Effect	参考文献 Reference
E.coli（或LPS）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	咖啡酸	植物源的多酚化合物	抑制NF-κB和MAPK信号通路的活化,显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-1β的表达	减轻bMECs的炎症反应	[11-12]
	桔梗皂苷D	桔梗根	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,同时上调肝核受体α（LXRα）的表达以及抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活		[13-14]
	二十二碳六烯酸	海鱼油脂	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的产生以及NF-κB信号通路的活化。		[15]
	甲氧补骨脂素	伞形科植物	抑制IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和IL-8基因mRNA的表达、降低环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）的蛋白水平、促进高迁移率族蛋白B1（high-mobility group box 1,HMGB1）从细胞核向细胞质的转移;并显著抑制NF-κB易位和信号转导子及转录激活子（signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT1）的磷酸化		[16]
	鱼腥草素钠	鱼腥草	抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的产生以及P-p65和IκBα降解,进而抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化。		[17-18]
	桑色素	桑科中草药	抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达以及NF-κB和MAPK信号通路的活化		[19]
S. aureus（或LTA）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	麝香草酚	百里香和牛至	抑制NF-κB的活化,并以剂量依赖性的方式抑制S. aureus在bMECs中的内化作用,并下调气管抗菌肽（tracheal antimicrobial peptide,TAP）和β-防御素5（β-defensin 5,BNBD5）基因mRNA的表达	发挥bMECs的抗炎作用	[20-21]
S. aureus（或LTA）诱导的bMECs炎症模型	连翘酯苷A	连翘	显著下调TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达,并通过抑制P38、ERK、JNK和P-p65而干扰MAPK和NF-κB信号通路的激活。	发挥bMECs的抗炎作用	[22-23]
氨诱导的bMECs的氧化应激模型	黄芪甲苷	黄芪	胱天蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）和p53磷酸化水平显著降低,通过激活核因子红细胞2相关因子2-抗氧化反应元件信号通路（nuclear factor erythrocyte two related factors-2-antioxidant response element,Nrf2-ARE）抑制ROS的产生	降低bMECs的氧化应激,减轻细胞炎症损伤	[24-25]
氨诱导的bMECs的氧化应激模型	茶多酚	绿茶	降低ROS的产生和增强核因子红细胞2 样2（nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2,NFE2L2）以及血红素氧化酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HMOX1）途径	降低bMECs的氧化应激,减轻细胞炎症损伤	[26]