三系杂交小麦混播制种对杂交种产量、纯度及F1产量优势的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1493

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨杂交小麦强优势组合制种混播不同比例恢复系对制种产量、纯度及F₁代产量的影响，以3个AL（Alborubrum Korn）型CMS（cytoplasmic male sterility）小麦杂交组合为材料，在不育系（母本♀）种子中混入不同比例的恢复系（父本♂）种子播种，研究了杂交制种的产量、纯度和F₁代产量优势变化。结果表明：组合36A×2014AR5和002A×99AR142-1在混播不同比例恢复系制种时，混播混收制种产量随父本混入比例增加而提高，相应杂交种的种子纯度逐渐降低。当父本的混播比例为5%时，可生产出纯度为96%的杂交种，混播混收制种产量也较高；对2个杂交组合不同混播比例制种的F₁代进行产量比较，混播混收制种产量均高于同组合行比制种的杂交种对照，混播比例分别为12%和9%时的F₁代产量表现更显著；利用与位于染色体2A上的恢复基因（qRf-2A-1）连锁的SSR分子标记Wmc474检测，预测了不同混入比例下混播混收杂交种的种子纯度，同时与前期位于1B染色体上的恢复基因（qRf-1B-1）连锁的SSR标记Xbarc8建立的AL型三系杂交小麦杂交种纯度检测回归方程预测结果进行了比较，表明用2个分子标记建立的2个回归方程在混播恢复系制种的纯度鉴别中均可使用。

关键词: 杂交小麦, 混播混收制种, 纯度检测, 分子标记

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different ratios of restoring lines on seed production，purity and heterosis of F₁ yield in hybrid wheat production with strong heterosis combinations，three AL（Alborubrum Korn）-type CMS（cytoplasmic male sterility）wheat hybrid combinations were used as materials in the sterile line（female parent♀）. The seeds were mixed with different proportions of restoring line（male parent♂）seeds for sowing. The yield of hybrid seed production，the purity of seed production，and the change of hybrid F₁ yield heterosis were studied. The results showed that the two hybrid combinations 36A×2014AR5 and 002A×99AR142-1 were mixed with different proportions of restoration line seed production，the yield of hybrid seed production increased with the increase of the mixed male parent ratio，and the seed purity of the hybrids gradually decreased. When the male parent’s mixed sowing proportion was 5%，it reached the requirement of 96% of field seed purity，and the seed production yield was also higher. The yield of the F₁generations produced by the two hybrid combinations with different mixed sowing ratios was compared，and the mixed seeding production. The seed yields of mixed sowing and mixed harvesting were higher than those of the hybrid control of the same combination and row ratio seed production，and the yield advantage of F₁ with mixing ratios of 12% and 9% was more significant. The SSR molecular markers Wmc474，which were linked to the restorer gene（qRf-2A-1）and located on chromosomes 2A，were used to predict the seed purities via mixed sowing and mixed harvesting under different mixing ratios. Concurrently，the prediction results of the regression equation for purity detection of AL-type three-line hybrid wheat hybrids established by the SSR marker Xbarc8 linked to the restorer gene（qRf-1B-1）on chromosome 1B were compared，showing that the two regression equations established with the two molecular markers can be used in the identification of the purity of the seed production of mixed restorer lines.

Key words: hybrid wheat, seed production via mixed sowing and mixed harvesting, purity detection, molecular marker

孔德真, 聂迎彬, 徐红军, 崔凤娟, 穆培源, 田笑明. 三系杂交小麦混播制种对杂交种产量、纯度及F₁产量优势的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(10): 132-139.

KONG De-zhen, NIE Ying-bin, XU Hong-jun, CUI Feng-juan, MU Pei-yuan, TIAN Xiao-ming. Effects of Blend Seeding on the Yield，Purity and Yield Advantage of F₁ in Three-line Hybrid Wheat[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(10): 132-139.

图/表 8

参考文献 21

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混播比例 Mixed sowing proportion	出苗率 Emergence ratio/%	♂ 理论株数 ♂Theoretical plant number	♂ 收获株数 ♂Harvested Plant number	小区总产量 Total plot yield/g	♂ 种子产量/g ♂ Seed yield/g	杂交种产量 Hybrid yield/g	比CK增产 Increased rate compared to CK/％	杂交种比例 Hybrid proportion/%
3%	51	36	29	1180.6	100.34	1080.26	-16.19	91.50
6%	54	72	58	1836	200.68	1635.32	26.86	89.07
9%	56	108	87	2339	301.02	2037.98	58.1	87.13
12%	56	144	117	1983	404.82	1578.18	22.43	79.59
15%	54	180	146	2376	505.16	1870.84	45.14	78.74
CK	53	210	170	1878	589	1289	—	100.00

混播比例 Mixed sowing proportion	出苗率 Emergence ratio/%	♂ 理论株数 ♂Theoretical plant number	♂ 收获株数 ♂Harvested Plant number	小区总产量 Total plot yield/g	♂ 种子产量/g ♂ Seed yield/g	杂交种产量 Hybrid yield/g	比CK增产 Increased rate compared to CK/％	杂交种比例 Hybrid proportion/%
3%	51	36	29	1180.6	100.34	1080.26	-16.19	91.50
6%	54	72	58	1836	200.68	1635.32	26.86	89.07
9%	56	108	87	2339	301.02	2037.98	58.1	87.13
12%	56	144	117	1983	404.82	1578.18	22.43	79.59
15%	54	180	146	2376	505.16	1870.84	45.14	78.74
CK	53	210	170	1878	589	1289	—	100.00

混播比例 Mixing proportion	出苗率 Emergence ratio/%	♂收获穗数♂ Harvested spikelets	♀收获穗数 ♀ Harvested spikelets	F₀田间纯度 F₀field purity/%	♀千粒重 ♀ Weight of 1 000 grains/g	♂千粒重 ♂ Weight of 1 000 grains/g	杂交制种产量 Hybrid seed yield/g	比CK增产 Increase rate compared to CK/%
3%	57.0	39	3 659	98.94	43.99	39.26	166.00	40.68
6%	53.4	77	3 381	97.77	41.71	37.6	171.35	45.21
9%	61.3	134	3 364	96.17	41.35	39.54	193.60	64.07
12%	62.5	213	3 387	94.08	40.59	39.66	291.10	146.69
CK	64.8	475	3 627	100.00	41.50	39.59	118.00	—

混播比例 Mixing proportion	出苗率 Emergence ratio/%	♂收获穗数♂ Harvested spikelets	♀收获穗数 ♀ Harvested spikelets	F₀田间纯度 F₀field purity/%	♀千粒重 ♀ Weight of 1 000 grains/g	♂千粒重 ♂ Weight of 1 000 grains/g	杂交制种产量 Hybrid seed yield/g	比CK增产 Increase rate compared to CK/%
3%	57.0	39	3 659	98.94	43.99	39.26	166.00	40.68
6%	53.4	77	3 381	97.77	41.71	37.6	171.35	45.21
9%	61.3	134	3 364	96.17	41.35	39.54	193.60	64.07
12%	62.5	213	3 387	94.08	40.59	39.66	291.10	146.69
CK	64.8	475	3 627	100.00	41.50	39.59	118.00	—

混种比例Mixing proportion	♀粒数 ♀Grain number	♂粒数 ♂Grain number	总粒数 Total grain number	F₁种子纯度F₁ seed purity/%	制种产量Hybrid seed yield/kg
3%	87 816	1 794	89 610	97.99	3.83
4%	85 078	2 217	87 295	97.46	3.83
5%	84 412	3 105	87 517	96.45	3.84
6%	81 144	3 542	84 686	95.82	3.62
9%	80 736	6 164	86 900	92.91	3.71
12%	81 288	9 798	91 086	89.24	3.89
CK 3♂∶9♀	87 048			100.00	3.61

三系杂交小麦混播制种对杂交种产量、纯度及F₁产量优势的影响

Effects of Blend Seeding on the Yield，Purity and Yield Advantage of F₁ in Three-line Hybrid Wheat

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杂种理论纯度 Theoretical purity of hybrid/%	25粒混恢复系粒数理论值Theoretical value of 25 mixed restorer lines	显恢复系带粒数实际值Actual value of restorer stripe
100	0	0
97	0.75	1
94	1.5	3
91	2.25	3
88	3	3
85	3.75	4
82	4.5	6
回归方程Regression equation y =0.285 7+1.142 8x 相关系数Correlation coefficient r = 0.948 6 * *

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