莲生物碱生物合成途径及相关基因研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1343

生物技术通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 56-66.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1343

莲生物碱生物合成途径及相关基因研究进展

王玲¹(), 卓燊¹^,², 付学森¹, 刘紫璇¹, 刘笑蓉¹^,³, 王志辉¹^,³, 周日宝¹^,³^,⁴(), 刘湘丹¹^,³^,⁴()

1.湖南中医药大学药学院，长沙 410208
2.广西科技大学医学部，柳州 545006
3.湘产大宗道地药材种质资源及规范化种植重点研究室，长沙 410208
4.湖南省普通高等学校中药现代化研究重点实验室，长沙 410208

收稿日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2023-07-26 发布日期:2023-08-17
通讯作者: 周日宝，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：中药资源与品质评价；E-mail: 1057323510@qq.com；
刘湘丹，女，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向：中药资源与品质评价；E-mail: paeonia_dd@126.com
作者简介:王玲，女，硕士研究生，研究方向：中药资源与品质评价；E-mail: 3380788828@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21);湖南省中医药管理局科研项目(D2022131（A2022005-9）);2020年湖南省一流专业建设点：中药资源与开发;湖南中医药大学中药学一流学科项目(校行科字[2018]3号)

Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids

WANG Ling¹(), ZHUO Shen¹^,², FU Xue-sen¹, LIU Zi-xuan¹, LIU Xiao-rong¹^,³, WANG Zhi-hui¹^,³, ZHOU Ri-bao¹^,³^,⁴(), LIU Xiang-dan¹^,³^,⁴()

1. School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208
2. Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006
3. Laboratory for the Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan's Bulk Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changsha 410208
4. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Changsha 410208

Received:2022-11-01 Published:2023-07-26 Online:2023-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

莲的多个部位均可作药，其中苄基异喹啉类生物碱是荷叶、莲子心的主要活性成分。荷叶含有荷叶碱、莲碱等阿朴啡类生物碱，具有良好调脂减肥作用；莲子心中主要含有甲基莲心碱、莲心碱等双苄基异喹啉类生物碱，可抗心律失常。近年来，莲生物碱成分的显著药理活性及荷叶与莲子心的“同源异效”现象，激发越来越多研究工作者开展莲生物碱生源合成途径及关键酶研究。为此，本文综述了荷叶、莲子心生物碱成分类型、生物碱合成途径及关键酶基因研究进展，以期为解析莲的生物碱合成途径及荷叶、莲子心的药效分化分子机制提供参考。

关键词: 荷叶, 莲子心, 生物碱, 生物合成途径

Abstract:

Many parts of lotus（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.）can be used as medicine, among which benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids are the main active components in lotus leaf and lotus plumule. The study found that lotus leaf contains nuciferine, roemerine and other aporphine alkaloids, with good lipid-lowering weight-reducing effect. Lotus plumule mainly contains bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as neferine and liensinine, which can resist arrhythmia. In recent years, the significant pharmacological activity of lotus alkaloids and the phenomenon of ‘homologous and different effects’between lotus leaf and lotus plumule have inspired more and more researchers to study the biosynthetic pathways and key enzymes of lotus alkaloids. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of alkaloid composition types, alkaloid synthesis pathways and key enzyme genes of lotus leaves and lotus plumule, aiming to provide reference for analyzing the alkaloid synthesis pathways of lotus and the molecular mechanisms of pharmacodynamic differentiation of lotus leaves and lotus plumule.

Key words: lotus leaf, lotus plumule, alkaloid, biosynthesis pathway

王玲, 卓燊, 付学森, 刘紫璇, 刘笑蓉, 王志辉, 周日宝, 刘湘丹. 莲生物碱生物合成途径及相关基因研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(7): 56-66.

WANG Ling, ZHUO Shen, FU Xue-sen, LIU Zi-xuan, LIU Xiao-rong, WANG Zhi-hui, ZHOU Ri-bao, LIU Xiang-dan. Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 56-66.

图/表 5

参考文献 56

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编号No.	类型Type	化学成分Chemical composition	部位Organ	文献References
1	双苄基异喹啉类 Bisbenzylisoquinolines	莲心碱Liensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
2		异莲心碱Isoliensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
3		甲基莲心碱Neferine	莲子心、荷叶	[13,15]
4	阿朴啡类 Aporphines	荷叶碱Nuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[16-17]
5		莲碱Roemerine	荷叶	[17]
6		O-去甲基荷叶碱O-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
7		N-去甲基荷叶碱N-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
8		番荔枝碱Anonaine	荷叶	[18]
9		山矾碱Caaverine	荷叶	[19]
10		巴婆碱Asimilobine	荷叶、莲子心	[20-21]
11		北美鹅掌楸尼定碱Lirinidine	荷叶	[22]
12	单苄基异喹啉 Monobenzylisoquinoline	衡州乌药碱Coclaurine	荷叶	[15]
13		O-去甲基衡州乌药碱O-Norcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,23]
14		N-甲基衡州乌药碱N-Methylcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[23-24]
15		N-甲基异衡州乌药碱N-Methylisococlaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[18,25]
16		亚美（杏黄）罂粟碱Armepavine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,18]
17		N-去甲基亚美罂粟碱N-Norarmepavine	荷叶	[15]
18	去氢阿朴啡类 Dehydroaporphine alkaloids	去氢荷叶碱Dethydronuciferine	荷叶	[17,26]
19		去氢莲碱Dehydroroemerine	荷叶	[17,26]
20		睡莲碱Nelumnucine	荷叶	[27]
21		去氢番荔枝碱Dethydroanonaine	荷叶	[26]
22	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	鹅掌楸碱Liriodenine	荷叶	[17]
23	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	观音莲明碱Lysicamine	荷叶、莲子心	[28-29]
24	原阿朴啡类Proaporphine alkaloids	原荷叶碱Pronuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,17]

编号No.	类型Type	化学成分Chemical composition	部位Organ	文献References
1	双苄基异喹啉类 Bisbenzylisoquinolines	莲心碱Liensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
2		异莲心碱Isoliensinine	莲子心、荷叶	[13-14]
3		甲基莲心碱Neferine	莲子心、荷叶	[13,15]
4	阿朴啡类 Aporphines	荷叶碱Nuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[16-17]
5		莲碱Roemerine	荷叶	[17]
6		O-去甲基荷叶碱O-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
7		N-去甲基荷叶碱N-Nornuciferine	荷叶	[18]
8		番荔枝碱Anonaine	荷叶	[18]
9		山矾碱Caaverine	荷叶	[19]
10		巴婆碱Asimilobine	荷叶、莲子心	[20-21]
11		北美鹅掌楸尼定碱Lirinidine	荷叶	[22]
12	单苄基异喹啉 Monobenzylisoquinoline	衡州乌药碱Coclaurine	荷叶	[15]
13		O-去甲基衡州乌药碱O-Norcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,23]
14		N-甲基衡州乌药碱N-Methylcoclaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[23-24]
15		N-甲基异衡州乌药碱N-Methylisococlaurine	荷叶、莲子心	[18,25]
16		亚美（杏黄）罂粟碱Armepavine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,18]
17		N-去甲基亚美罂粟碱N-Norarmepavine	荷叶	[15]
18	去氢阿朴啡类 Dehydroaporphine alkaloids	去氢荷叶碱Dethydronuciferine	荷叶	[17,26]
19		去氢莲碱Dehydroroemerine	荷叶	[17,26]
20		睡莲碱Nelumnucine	荷叶	[27]
21		去氢番荔枝碱Dethydroanonaine	荷叶	[26]
22	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	鹅掌楸碱Liriodenine	荷叶	[17]
23	氧化阿朴啡类Oxoapor phinoid	观音莲明碱Lysicamine	荷叶、莲子心	[28-29]
24	原阿朴啡类Proaporphine alkaloids	原荷叶碱Pronuciferine	荷叶、莲子心	[7,17]

莲生物碱生物合成途径及相关基因研究进展

Advances in the Biosynthetic Pathways and Related Genes of Lotus Alkaloids

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