SRO家族蛋白在小麦多倍化进程中的演化规律

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的旨在系统鉴定和分析小麦SRO基因家族的结构特征、进化规律及其在生物胁迫条件下的表达模式，揭示其在小麦胁迫响应中的潜在作用。方法以拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）、番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）和玉米（Zea mays）为参考，对14个小麦族物种的36个基因组进行SRO基因家族鉴定，并对小麦属中的二倍体（Triticum urartu v2.0）、四倍体（Wild Emmer v1.0）以及六倍体（Chinese Spring v2.1）基因组中鉴定到的SRO家族成员进行理化性质、保守基序、基因结构、系统发育、顺式调控元件、共线性和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析。结果蛋白质理化性质分析结果表明，SRO家族成员蛋白普遍偏碱性且具有亲水性；基因结构分析显示，所有成员均存在内含子，且序列长度差异大；系统发育分析表明，小麦SRO和玉米SRO具有更近的进化关系；启动子顺式调控元件分析发现，SRO家族成员主要包含响应植物生物和非生物胁迫相关的元件；进化选择和核苷酸多样性分析表明，小麦SRO家族成员从二倍体形成四倍体的过程中受到了较强的正向选择压力，而在形成六倍体后趋于稳定；在小麦条锈菌胁迫下，六倍体小麦SRO家族成员呈现不同的表达模式。结论小麦SRO基因家族在二倍体向四倍体的进化过程中经历了强烈的正向选择，并在六倍体小麦中趋于稳定。部分成员在生物胁迫条件下与对照相比表现出显著的表达差异。

关键词: 小麦, SRO基因家族, 基因家族鉴定, 多倍化, 小麦条锈菌

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the structural characteristics, evolutionary patterns, and expression patterns under biotic stress conditions of the wheat SRO gene family, revealing its potential role in wheat stress response. Method Using Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Zea mays as references, the SRO gene family was identified in 36 genomes of 14 wheat-related species. The identified SRO family members in the diploid (Triticum urartu v2.0), tetraploid (Wild Emmer v1.0), and hexaploid (Chinese Spring v2.1) wheat genomes were analyzed for physicochemical property analysis, conserved motif identification, gene structure analysis, phylogenetic analysis, cis-regulatory element analysis, synteny analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Result Physicochemical property analysis indicated that SRO family members were generally alkaline and hydrophilic. Gene structure analysis showed that all members contained introns, with large variations in sequence length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SRO genes of wheat were more closely related to those of maize. Cis-regulatory element analysis of the promoters showed that SRO family members were mainly responsive to both biotic and abiotic stress-related elements. Evolutionary selection and nucleotide diversity analyses indicated that the SRO family underwent strong positive selection during the transition from diploid to tetraploid wheat and stabilized after the formation of hexaploid wheat. Expression profile analysis showed that hexaploid wheat SRO family members hadd differential expression patterns when subjected to Puccinia triticina (wheat leaf rust) stress. Conclusion The wheat SRO gene family has undergone strong positive selection during the evolution from diploid to tetraploid and has become stable in hexaploid wheat. Some members show significant expression differences under biotic stress conditions compared to controls.

Key words: wheat, SRO gene family, identification of gene family, polyploidy, wheat stripe rust

王轶民, 李莹, 董海涛, 张恒瑞, 常璐, 高田甜, 韩德俊, 吴建辉. SRO家族蛋白在小麦多倍化进程中的演化规律[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(5): 70-81.

WANG Yi-min, LI Ying, DONG Hai-tao, ZHANG Heng-rui, CHANG Lu, GAO Tian-tian, HAN De-jun, WU Jian-hui. Evolutionary Patterns of SRO Family Proteins in the Polyploidization Process of Wheat[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 70-81.

图/表 7

图1 SRO基因家族成员理化性质以及亚细胞定位预测A：SRO基因家族成员理化性质分析（At：拟南芥；Zm：玉米；Soly：番茄；Ta：六倍体小麦；Tt：四倍体小麦；Tu：二倍体小麦，下同）；B：SRO基因家族成员亚细胞定位预测（箭头的颜色与图A中SRO家族成员名字颜色对应）

Fig. 1 Physicochemical properties and subcellular localization prediction of SRO gene family membersA: Physiochemical properties analysis of SRO gene family members (At: Arabidopsis thaliana; Zm: Zea mays; Soly: Solanum lycopersicum; Ta: hexaploid wheat; Tt: tetraploid wheat; Tu: diploid wheat. The same below). B: Subcellular localization prediction of SRO gene family members (The color of the arrows corresponds to the colors of the SRO family member names in Fig. A)

图2 SRO基因家族进化树、保守基序分析、基因结构和结构域分析A：SRO基因家族进化树；B：SRO基因家族保守基序分析C：SRO基因家族基因结构分析；D：SRO基因家族结构域分析

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs analysis, and gene structure and domain analysis of SRO gene familyA: Phylogenetic tree of the SRO gene family. B: Conserved motif analysis of the SRO gene family. C: Gene structure analysis of the SRO gene family. D: Domain analysis of the SRO gene family

图3 系统发育分析A：麦族系统发育进化树以及各物种SRO成员数目；B：SRO家族成员物种进化树

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic analysisA: Phylogenetic tree of the Triticeae tribe and the number of SRO members in each species. B: Species phylogenetic tree of SRO family members

图4 启动子顺式调控元件分析A：小麦二/四/六倍体SRO家族成员响应调控元件的具体数量；B：小麦二/四/六倍体SRO家族成员响应三类调控元件的总数

Fig. 4 Analysis of promoter cis-regulatory elementsA: The specific number of responsive regulatory elements for SRO family members in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat. B: The total number of responsive regulatory elements of three types for SRO family members in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat

图5 SRO家族成员进化选择分析和TuSRO、TtSRO和TaSRO之间的多序列比对A：核苷酸多样性以及Ka/Ks分析；B：TuSRO、TtSRO和TaSRO之间的多序列比对

Fig. 5 Evolutionary selection analysis of the SRO family members and multiple sequence alignment among TuSRO, TtSRO, and TaSROA: Nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks analysis. B: The sequence alignment between TuSRO, TtSRO, and TaSRO

图6 SRO基因多物种间共线性分析

Fig. 6 Collinearity analysis of SRO genes across multiple species

图7 TaSRO群体表达模式分析及互作预测分析A：TaSRO群体表达量分析；B：TaSRO1-1A互作预测分析

Fig. 7 Expression pattern analysis and interaction prediction of TaSRO gene familyA: Expression analysis of TaSRO gene family. B: Interaction prediction analysis of TaSRO1-1A

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