植物黄素单加氧酶研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0953

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物黄素单加氧酶（flavin monooxygenases, FMOs）是一类以黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）为辅因子的氧化还原酶，能够催化多种底物的氧化反应，在植物代谢调控和环境适应中发挥重要作用。植物FMOs超家族包含多个功能亚家族，其中以FMO1、YUCCAs和FMOGS-OXs最为典型，分别在免疫防御、生长素合成、次生代谢及逆境响应等核心过程中扮演关键角色。本文系统梳理了这3个亚家族的结构特征、进化分化与功能机制，并总结了其在植物生长发育和逆境胁迫中的最新研究进展。研究表明，FMOs家族普遍含有保守的FAD/NADPH结合结构域，且在进化过程中通过基因扩增实现功能多样化，同时展现出显著的功能冗余与多效性特征。尽管如此，FMOs家族的天然底物谱尚未系统解析，其基因扩张与进化的分子机制有待深入阐明。同时，其时空特异性及功能冗余性严重限制了其分子功能和应用价值的深入研究。未来，随着代谢组学、空间组学和人工智能等前沿技术的发展，FMOs功能解析与应用转化将迎来新机遇，有望为作物抗逆、提产的分子设计育种提供新的靶点。

关键词: 黄素单加氧酶, 基因家族, 功能多样性, 生长发育, 抗逆性

Abstract:

Flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) are a class of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation of diverse substrates and play vital roles in plant metabolic regulation and environmental adaptation. The plant FMOs superfamily comprises multiple functional subfamilies, among which FMO1, YUCCAs, and FMOGS-OXs are most representative, functioning in immune defense, auxin biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and stress responses. This review summarizes the structural features, evolutionary diversification, and functional mechanisms of these three subfamilies, and highlights recent advances in their roles in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. FMOs generally contain conserved FAD/NADPH-binding domains and have undergone gene expansion during evolution, conferring functional diversification as well as pronounced redundancy and pleiotropy. Nevertheless, the natural substrate spectrum of most FMOs remains unresolved, and the molecular mechanisms driving their gene expansion and evolutionary diversification are yet to be elucidated. Moreover, their spatiotemporal specificity together with functional redundancy severely constrains in-depth mechanistic and applied research. Considering future, the integration of metabolomics, spatial omics, and artificial intelligence is expected to open new avenues for functional characterization and translational applications of FMOs, providing promising targets for molecular design breeding aimed at enhancing crop stress tolerance and yield improvement.

Key words: FMOs, gene family, functional diversity, growth and development, stress resistance

淦晨露, 游雨婷, 谢菡萏, 曾子贤, 朱博. 植物黄素单加氧酶研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(1): 1-12.

GAN Chen-lu, YOU Yu-ting, XIE Han-dan, ZENG Zi-xian, ZHU Bo. Research Progress in Flavin Monooxygenases in Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(1): 1-12.

图/表 5

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生理过程 Physiological process	蛋白类别 Protein category	植物种类 Plant species	基因名称 Gene name	功能描述 Function	参考文献 References
生长发育 Growth and development	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	根的发育	［39］
	FMO1	其他	TaFMO1-5B	根的发育	［40］
	YUCCAs	拟南芥	YUC2、YUC5、YUC8、YUC9	茎、叶、花序发育	［36， 38］
		水稻	OsYUC1、OsYUC2、OsYUC11	冠根、籽粒、胚乳发育	［25-27］
		玉米	spi1	腋生分生组织的形成	［29］
		其他	SiYUC2、SiYUC6、SiYUC8、SiYUC11、Turnera YUC6、FvYUC6、EbYUC2、PpYUC11、CsYUC10、CmYUC6、CmYUC11	雄配子体、花粉、穗子、果实、叶片发育及胚胎形成	［28， 30-35］
	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	光胁迫	［54］
	FMO1	其他	FMO1	干旱胁迫	［43］
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	YUCCAs	拟南芥	YUC6、YUC8	干旱、高温、重金属胁迫	［44， 49， 55］
	YUCCAs	其他	CsYUC8/9、CsYUC10b	高温、低温、盐胁迫	［50］
	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OX2-7	干旱、低温、盐、渗透胁迫及激素处理	［41， 53， 56-58］
	FMOGS-OXs	其他	TsFMO	盐胁迫	［52］
生物胁迫 Biological stress	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	系统性获得抗性（SAR）、降解病原毒素	［59-62］
	FMO1	其他	FMO	NHP合成、抑制黄酮合成并促进木质素积累	［63］
	YUCCAs	其他	Bs3	触发超敏反应	［64］
	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OXs	GSL生物合成	［65， 67-68］
次生代谢 Secondary metabolism	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OXs	GSL生物合成	［9， 16， 71］
次生代谢 Secondary metabolism	FMOGS-OXs	其他	FMOGS-OX2、BrrFMOGS-OX2、BrrFMOGS-OX5.1、BrrFMOGS-OX5.2、BrrFMOGS-OX6.1、BrrFMOGS-OX6.2、FMOGS-OXs、AsFMO1	GSL生物合成、催化蒜氨酸S-氧化	［42， 75-77］

生理过程 Physiological process	蛋白类别 Protein category	植物种类 Plant species	基因名称 Gene name	功能描述 Function	参考文献 References
生长发育 Growth and development	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	根的发育	［39］
	FMO1	其他	TaFMO1-5B	根的发育	［40］
	YUCCAs	拟南芥	YUC2、YUC5、YUC8、YUC9	茎、叶、花序发育	［36， 38］
		水稻	OsYUC1、OsYUC2、OsYUC11	冠根、籽粒、胚乳发育	［25-27］
		玉米	spi1	腋生分生组织的形成	［29］
		其他	SiYUC2、SiYUC6、SiYUC8、SiYUC11、Turnera YUC6、FvYUC6、EbYUC2、PpYUC11、CsYUC10、CmYUC6、CmYUC11	雄配子体、花粉、穗子、果实、叶片发育及胚胎形成	［28， 30-35］
	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	光胁迫	［54］
	FMO1	其他	FMO1	干旱胁迫	［43］
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	YUCCAs	拟南芥	YUC6、YUC8	干旱、高温、重金属胁迫	［44， 49， 55］
	YUCCAs	其他	CsYUC8/9、CsYUC10b	高温、低温、盐胁迫	［50］
	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OX2-7	干旱、低温、盐、渗透胁迫及激素处理	［41， 53， 56-58］
	FMOGS-OXs	其他	TsFMO	盐胁迫	［52］
生物胁迫 Biological stress	FMO1	拟南芥	FMO1	系统性获得抗性（SAR）、降解病原毒素	［59-62］
	FMO1	其他	FMO	NHP合成、抑制黄酮合成并促进木质素积累	［63］
	YUCCAs	其他	Bs3	触发超敏反应	［64］
	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OXs	GSL生物合成	［65， 67-68］
次生代谢 Secondary metabolism	FMOGS-OXs	拟南芥	FMOGS-OXs	GSL生物合成	［9， 16， 71］
次生代谢 Secondary metabolism	FMOGS-OXs	其他	FMOGS-OX2、BrrFMOGS-OX2、BrrFMOGS-OX5.1、BrrFMOGS-OX5.2、BrrFMOGS-OX6.1、BrrFMOGS-OX6.2、FMOGS-OXs、AsFMO1	GSL生物合成、催化蒜氨酸S-氧化	［42， 75-77］