马铃薯种质资源淀粉表征及相关基因表达分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的明晰马铃薯种质资源的淀粉表征及相关基因表达差异，为品种改良选育提供优良种质资源，为揭示淀粉合成调控机制奠定研究基础。方法以100份马铃薯种质资源为材料，利用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析等方法综合评价其淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支/直比、还原糖含量和单株产量。结果相关性分析表明，直链淀粉含量与支/直比和支链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关，还原糖、淀粉含量与单株产量呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析共提取出3个主成分，分别为支链淀粉含量（支/直比）、还原糖含量、淀粉含量，累积贡献率为87.84%。聚类分析将马铃薯种质资源分为三类：cluster Ⅰ有32份，主要特征为晚熟高淀粉；cluster Ⅱ有40份，主要特征为早熟和淀粉含量中等；cluster Ⅲ有28份，主要特征为早熟低淀粉。为了揭示马铃薯品种间淀粉含量差异的分子机制，分析淀粉合成通路中8个结构基因（Susy4、AGPase、PTST1等）在高淀粉（青薯2号、大西洋、393034.7和深眼窝）和低淀粉（FBA-1、北薯1号、2017ch-1和720018）品种中的表达，结果显示，Susy4和PTST1表达量在决定淀粉含量方面起到关键作用。结论明确100份马铃薯种质资源的淀粉性状特征与3个类群划分，筛选出高淀粉含量的资源4份（青薯2号、大西洋、393034.7、深眼窝），证实Susy4和PTST1基因是调控淀粉含量的核心基因，为马铃薯品种选育与淀粉合成机制解析提供理论与材料支撑。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种质资源, 淀粉表征, 基因表达分析, 产量

Abstract:

Objective To clarify the starch characteristics and differential gene expressions of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm resources provides superior genetic resources for variety improvement and breeding, laying a research foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of starch synthesis. Method Using 100 potato germplasm resources as materials, a comprehensive evaluation of starch content, amylose content, amylopectin content, amylopectin/amylose ratio, reducing sugars content and yield per plant was conducted through correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. Result Correlation analysis indicated that amylose content was extremely negatively correlated with the amylopectin/amylose ratio and amylopectin content, while reducing sugars, starch content and yield per plant were significantly positively correlated. Principal component analysis identified three principal components: amylopectin content (ratio of amylopectin/amylose), reducing sugar content and starch content, with a cumulative contribution rate of 87.84%. Cluster analysis divided potato germplasm resources into three categories: Cluster I consisted of 32 samples, mainly characterized by late maturity and high starch content. Cluster II consisted of 40 samples, mainly characterized by early maturity and medium starch content. Cluster III consisted of 28 samples, mainly characterized by early maturity and low starch content. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying starch content differences among potato varieties, the expressions of eight structural genes involved in the starch synthesis pathway (Susy4, AGPase, PTST1, etc.) were analyzed in high-starch varieties (Qingshu 2, Atlantic, 393034.7 and Shenyanwo) and low-starch varieties (FBA-1, Beishu 1, 2017ch-1 and 720018). The results showed that Susy4 and PTST1 expressions play a key role in determining starch content. Conclusion This study characterized the starch traits of 100 potato germplasm accessions and classified them into three groups, four high-starch potato varieties were selected (Qingshu 2, Atlantic, 393034.7 and Shenyanwo), confirming that the Susy4 and PTST1 genes are key regulators of starch content. These findings provide theoretical and material support for potato variety breeding and elucidating starch synthesis mechanisms.

Key words: potato, germplasm resources, starch characterization, gene expression analysis, yield

陈静欢, 房国楠, 朱文豪, 叶广继, 苏旺, 贺苗苗, 杨生龙, 周云. 马铃薯种质资源淀粉表征及相关基因表达分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(1): 170-183.

CHEN Jing-huan, FANG Guo-nan, ZHU Wen-hao, YE Guang-ji, SU Wang, HE Miao-miao, YANG Sheng-long, ZHOU Yun. Starch Characterization and Related Gene Expression Analysis of Potato Germplasm Resources[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(1): 170-183.

图/表 9

表1 100份马铃薯种质资源主要性状统计分析

Table 1 Statistical analysis of 100 potato germplasm resources for major traits

主要性状 Principal traits	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	极差 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Deviation	变异系数 CV
淀粉含量 Starch content （%）	18.77	8.29	10.48	13.70	2.36	17.20
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content （%）	24.90	21.31	3.59	22.71	0.65	2.87
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content （%）	78.69	75.10	3.59	77.29	0.65	0.84
支/直比 Ratio of amylopectin/amylose	3.69	3.02	0.68	3.41	0.13	3.69%
还原糖 Reducing sugar （%）	1.15	0.02	1.13	0.60	0.24	40.25
单株产量 Yield per plant （kg）	1.73	0.05	1.68	0.68	0.35	50.97%

表2 100份马铃薯种质资源6个性状的主成分分析

Table 2 Principal component analysis of six traits in 100 potato germplasm resources

性状 Traits	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3
淀粉含量 Starch content	-0.04	0.87	-0.07
直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	-0.99	0.02	0.07
支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content	0.99	-0.02	-0.07
支/直比 Ratio of amylopectin/amylose	0.99	-0.02	-0.07
还原糖 Reducing sugar	-0.11	0.12	0.95
单株产量 Yield per plant	0.01	0.69	0.31
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.06	1.39	0.82
方差贡献率 Contribution rate （%）	51.01	23.14	13.69
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate （%）	51.01	74.15	87.84

图 1 100 份马铃薯种质资源主要性状分布特征、指标相关性与聚类分析A：100份马铃薯种质资源主要性状的正态分布。B：100份马铃薯种质资源各单项指标的相关性分析。RSC：还原糖；SC：淀粉含量；AMS：直链淀粉含量；AMP：支链淀粉含量；AMP/AMS：支/直比；YPP：单株产量。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著相关。C：100份马铃薯种质资源的聚类分析。外圈数字对应于附表1中的材料序号

Fig. 1 Distribution characteristics, correlation analysis and clustering analysis of key traits in 100 potato germplasm resourcesA: Normal distribution of major traits in 100 potato germplasm resources. B: Correlation analysis of 100 potato germplasm resources for each individual index. RSC: Reducing sugar content. SC: Starch content. AMS: Amylose content. AMP: Amylopectin content. AMP/AMS: Ratio of amylopectin/amylose. YPP: Yield per plant. * and ** indicate significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. C: Cluster analysis of 100 potato germplasm resources. The numbers on the outer circle correspond to the material numbers in supplementary Table 1

表3 100份马铃薯种质资源综合得分及排名

Table 3 Comprehensive scores and ranking of 100 potato germplasm resources

排序 Rank	综合值得分 Comprehensive score	品种名称 Variety	排序 Rank	综合值得分 Comprehensive score	品种名称 Variety
1	0.83	庄薯4号	51	0.55	晋薯4号
2	0.81	UK3	52	0.55	中227
3	0.79	CANCHAN-INIA	53	0.55	Andina
4	0.79	139	54	0.54	388972.22
5	0.79	昆塔	55	0.54	06-26-11
6	0.78	Peru08-1	56	0.53	KY73
7	0.78	Belmont	57	0.53	大西洋
8	0.75	VC75.3	58	0.53	PHU1.22
9	0.73	Peru08-3	59	0.53	NX9
10	0.73	Israel1	60	0.52	KW-45
11	0.73	中薯5号	61	0.52	I46
12	0.72	393140-3	62	0.52	LB
13	0.72	382171.1	63	0.52	B18
14	0.70	E23	64	0.51	F8701
15	0.69	C-50	65	0.51	中心02
16	0.68	MEX-750.821	66	0.50	Shepody
17	0.67	393034.7	67	0.50	J10828
18	0.66	青薯2号	68	0.50	早大白
19	0.66	呼自278	69	0.50	中心19
20	0.66	呼5号	70	0.49	中甸红
21	0.66	下寨65	71	0.49	Calwhite
22	0.66	福克212	72	0.48	KB
23	0.65	R8	73	0.48	Fundy
24	0.64	中心06	74	0.47	720018
25	0.63	DR-10	75	0.47	S25
26	0.63	CIP10-2	76	0.46	GUS1
27	0.63	RUSSIA2	77	0.46	加拿大红
28	0.63	兰旦	78	0.44	Tylua
29	0.63	Vester	79	0.44	高原4号
30	0.63	深眼窝	80	0.44	NEGRA QJOSA
31	0.62	CHALLINA	81	0.43	NE303
32	0.62	Peru08-2	82	0.43	陇薯8号
33	0.61	乌盟684	83	0.43	北薯１号
34	0.61	KY28	84	0.41	闽薯1号
35	0.60	385499.1	85	0.41	Colmo
36	0.60	中联红	86	0.40	民薯2号
37	0.60	冀张薯12	87	0.40	J10622
38	0.59	加拿大7637	88	0.39	Jk5
39	0.59	2017ch-2	89	0.39	395015.6
40	0.59	AC0338	90	0.38	388611.22
41	0.58	男爵薯	91	0.36	2017ch-1
42	0.58	F70021-1	92	0.36	NX162
43	0.58	甘谷红	93	0.36	DANVA
44	0.58	石延97-7	94	0.36	FBA-1
45	0.57	2017ch-5	95	0.35	加大白
46	0.57	杂单4号	96	0.34	cy-Ⅲ-29
47	0.56	青薯9号	97	0.30	抗疫白
48	0.56	Wilia	98	0.29	肯德
49	0.55	BC37	99	0.28	费乌瑞它
50	0.55	H2	100	0.23	克11

图2 100份马铃薯种质资源的相关性状差异显著性分析*、**和***分别表示0.05、0.01和0.001水平显著，ns表示不显著

Fig. 2 Significance analysis of differences in related traits among 100 potato germplasm resources*, ** and *** denote the significance at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively, and ns denotes non-significance

表4 三种类群中7个性状的平均值比较

Table 4 Comparison of mean values of seven traits in three clusters

类群

Cluster

淀粉

Starch content （%）

直链淀粉

Amylose content （%）

支链淀粉

Amylopectin content （%）

支/直比

Ratio of amylopectin/amylose

还原糖

Reducing sugar （%）

单株产量

Yield per plant （kg）

图3 高淀粉与低淀粉品种的块茎表型A：青薯2号；B：大西洋；C：393034.7；D：深眼窝；E：720018；F：2017ch-1；G：北薯1号；H：FBA-1；比例尺为2 cm（右下角白色线段）

Fig. 3 Tuber phenotypes of high-starch and low-starch varietiesA: Qingshu 2. B: Atlantic. C: 393034.7. D: Shenyanwo. E: 720018. F: 2017ch-1. G: Beishu 1. H: FBA-1. The scale is 2 cm (White line segment in the lower right corner)

图4 淀粉合成通路图及相关基因表达分析A：淀粉合成通路图。B：淀粉合成相关基因在高、低淀粉品种及高、低淀粉组中的表达差异显著性分析。不同字母表示不同品种在0.01水平上存在显著性差异，***表示在0.001水平上存在极显著差异

Fig. 4 Starch synthesis pathway diagram and related gene expression analysisA: Starch synthesis pathway diagram. B: Significance analysis of expression differences in starch synthesis-related genes among high-starch and low-starch varieties and high-starch and low-starch groups. Different letters indicate significant differences between varieties at the 0.01 level, and *** indicates an extremely significant difference at the 0.001 level

图5 淀粉含量与淀粉相关基因表达量的相关性分析SC：淀粉含量；A：青薯2号淀粉含量与淀粉相关基因表达量的相关性热图；B：大西洋；C：393034.7；D：深眼窝；E：720018；F：2017ch-1；G：北薯1号；H：FBA-1

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between starch content and expressions of starch-related genesSC: Starch content. A: Heatmap showing the correlation between starch content and starch-related gene expression levels in Qingshu 2. B: Atlantic. C: 393034.7. D: Shenyanwo. E: 720018. F: 2017ch-1. G: Beishu 1. H: FBA-1

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