不同树龄珙桐根际和根内微生物的群落特征及构建机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0823

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的揭示不同树龄珙桐（Davidia involucrata）根际与根内微生物群落组成、代谢功能及组装机制的动态变化规律。方法基于16S rRNA基因和ITS序列扩增子测序技术，分析了不同树龄珙桐（树龄小于50年、50-100年及100年以上）根际和根内微生物群落组成、多样性、与土壤理化因子的相关性、代谢功能特点及群落组成机制。结果不同树龄珙桐根际和根内微生物群落α多样性均不存在显著性差异，但根际和根内细菌群落β多样性存在显著性差异。通过LEfSe分析，确定了芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobiota）、拟锁瑚菌属（Clavulinopsis）、湿伞属（Gliophorus）、纺锤孢属（Atractospora）等标志性分类单元。不同树龄珙桐根际和根内微生物群落存在一定差异，但优势细菌类群主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota），真菌则以子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为主。功能预测表明，细菌核心功能集中于新陈代谢和遗传信息处理，真菌群落则以腐生营养型为主。在二级功能中，根际细菌在异源物质代谢、脂代谢存在显著性差异，根内细菌仅糖链的生物合成与代谢存在显著性差异；根际真菌在植物病原菌和叶腐生菌功能类群差异显著，根内真菌无显著性差异。Mantel test显示，土壤理化因子与微生物群落整体无显著相关性，但酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）等优势类群与理化因子显著相关。PLS-PM揭示树龄对根内微生物群落的多样性影响更强。群落组装分析证实，根际细菌群落由随机性过程主导，根内细菌群落以确定性过程为主，根际与根内真菌群落均受确定性过程支配。结论树龄会对珙桐根际和根内微生物群落及功能产生一定影响，且群落的组装机制会随着树龄的增加呈现动态变化。

关键词: 珙桐, 根际, 内生菌, 群落结构, 功能预测, 群落组装

Abstract:

Objective To elucidate the dynamic changes in composition, metabolic functions, and assembly mechanisms of rhizosphere and root endosphere microbial communities associated with Davidia involucrata across distinct ontogenetic stages. Method Utilizing 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing, we characterized the composition, diversity, functional profiles, assembly mechanisms, and associations with soil physicochemical properties of rhizosphere and root endosphere microbial communities in D. involucrata stratified by age: near-mature forest (tree age <50 years), mature forest (tree age=50–100 years), and ancient forest (tree age >100 years). Result No significant age-dependent differences were detected in microbial alpha diversity within either the rhizosphere or root endosphere. However, bacterial beta diversity presented significant compartmentalization. LEfSe analysis identified several biomarker taxa, including Gemmatimonadota, Verrucomicrobiota, Clavulinopsis, Gliophorus, Atractospora, etc. Although microbial community composition showed variations across age groups, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota consistently dominated the bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota prevailed among fungi. Core bacterial functional potential was centered on metabolism and genetic information processing, whereas fungal communities were predominantly saprotrophic. Secondary functional analysis revealed significant age-related differences in rhizosphere bacteria for xenobiotic metabolism and lipid metabolism, while root endosphere bacteria differed significantly only in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. Rhizosphere fungal functional guilds exhibited significant variation, particularly for plant pathogens and leaf saprotrophs, whereas root endosphere fungi showed no significant functional shifts. Mantel tests indicated no overarching correlation between the total microbial community and soil physicochemical factors, although dominant phyla including Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi demonstrated significant associations. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) indicated tree age exerted a stronger influence on root endosphere microbial diversity than on rhizosphere diversity. Community assembly analysis demonstrated that stochastic processes governed rhizosphere bacterial assembly, whereas deterministic processes dominated the assembly of both rhizosphere and root endosphere fungal communities. Conclusion Tree age exerts a discernible influence on the microbial communities and their functions within the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrata. Furthermore, the mechanisms governing microbial community assembly present dynamic shifts with tree age.

Key words: Davidia involucrata, rhizosphere, root endosphere, community structure, functional prediction, community assembly

王宇, 王毅敏, 高晗, 陈邦清, 彭刚志, 谭艳, 郑思怡, 高本旺. 不同树龄珙桐根际和根内微生物的群落特征及构建机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(5): 158-173.

WANG Yu, WANG Yi-min, GAO Han, CHEN Bang-qing, PENG Gang-zhi, TAN Yan, ZHENG Si-yi, GAO Ben-wang. Characteristics and Assembly Mechanisms of Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere Microbial Communities in Davidia involucrata of Different Ages[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 158-173.

图/表 15

表1 珙桐根际土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in Davidia involucrata

样本 Sample	酸碱度 pH	有机碳 SOC （g/kg）	总氮 TN （g/kg）	有效磷 AP （mg/kg）	速效钾 AK （mg/kg）
A	6.09±0.31a	82.16±7.59b	4.56±0.62b	7.50±0.38c	244.66±29.09a
B	5.97±0.22a	165.64±58.77a	5.72±0.94a	12.52±1.40a	264.46±22.32a
C	5.75±0.30a	158.22±70.75a	6.02±0.76a	9.10±0.81b	248.25±35.25a

图1 珙桐微生物群落稀疏曲线A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌。AS：近成熟林根际土壤；BS：成熟林根际土壤；CS：古树林根际土壤；AR：近成熟林根系组织；BR：成熟林根系组织；CR：古树林根系组织。下同

Fig. 1 Rarefaction curves of microbial communities of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi. AS: Rhizosphere soil of near-mature forest. BS: Rhizosphere soil of mature forest. CS: Rhizosphere soil of old ancient forest. AR: Root tissue of near-mature forest. BR: Root tissue of mature forest. CR: Root tissue of ancient forest. The same below

图2 珙桐根际和根内微生物群落ASVs韦恩图A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 2 Venn diagram of ASVs in microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

图3 珙桐根际和根内微生物群落α多样性指数

Fig. 3 Alpha-diversity indices of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrata

图4 珙桐根际和根内微生物群落β多样性指数A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 4 Beta-diversity indices of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

图5 珙桐根际和根内细菌相对丰度A：根际细菌门水平；B：根内细菌门水平；C：根际细菌属水平；D：根内细菌属水平

Fig. 5 Relative abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Davidia involucrateA: Rhizosphere bacteria at phylum level. B: Root endosphere bacteria at phylum level. C: Rhizosphere bacteria at genus level. D: Root endosphere bacteria at genus level

图6 珙桐根际和根内真菌相对丰度A：根际真菌门水平；B：根内真菌门水平；C：根际真菌属水平；D：根内真菌属水平

Fig. 6 Relative abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrateA: Rhizosphere fungi at phylum level. B: Root endosphere fungi at phylum level. C: Rhizosphere fungi at genus level. D: Root endosphere fungi at genus level

图7 不同树龄珙桐组间差异物种LEfSe分析A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 7 LEfSe analysis of differential species among different tree ages of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

图8 珙桐根际和根内细菌功能预测A：根际细菌一级功能；B：根际细菌二级功能；C：根内细菌一级功能；D：根内细菌二级功能

Fig. 8 Functional prediction of bacteria in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrataA: L1 functions of rhizosphere bacteria. B: L2 functions of rhizosphere bacteria. C: L1 functions of root endosphere bacteria. D: L2 functions of root endosphere bacteria

图9 珙桐根际和根内真菌功能预测A：根际真菌基于Trophic mode分类；B：根际真菌基于Guild分类；C：根内真菌基于Trophic mode分类；D：根内真菌基于Guild分类

Fig. 9 Functional prediction of fungi in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere fungi classified based on Trophic mode; B: Rhizosphere fungi classified based on Guild; C: Root endosphere fungi classified based on Trophic mode; D: Root endosphere fungi classified based on Guild

图10 珙桐根际和根内微生物与理化因子间的相关性A：细菌；B：真菌。*P<0.05；**P<0.01；***P<0.001，下同

Fig. 10 Correlation between physicochemical factors and microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D.involucrataA: Bacteria. B: Fungi. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001, the same below

图11 珙桐根际和根内微生物优势菌门与理化因子间的相关性A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 11 Correlation of dominant bacterial phyla with soil physicochemical factors in rhizosphere and root endosphere communities of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

图12 理化因子对珙桐根际和根内微生物群落多样性的直接与间接效应

Fig. 12 Direct and indirect effects of soil factors on diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrata

图13 珙桐根际和根内微生物群落组装过程（基于中性群落模型）A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 13 Assembly processes of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrata (based on neutral community model)A: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

图14 珙桐根际和根内微生物群落标准化随机性比率（MST）分析A：根际细菌；B：根内细菌；C：根际真菌；D：根内真菌

Fig. 14 Analysis of modified stochasticity ratio for microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. involucrataA: Rhizosphere bacteria. B: Root endosphere bacteria. C: Rhizosphere fungi. D: Root endosphere fungi

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