不同土壤条件下油橄榄园根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落特征

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0755

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究非传统油橄榄种植区甘肃陇南不同土壤条件（黄土、片岩土、泥石流冲积扇土）对油橄榄根际微生物的影响，为优化栽培技术提供依据。方法以陇南市武都区种植的15年生‘莱星’油橄榄为对象，测定根际土壤理化性质，通过宏基因组测序分析细菌群落结构与功能。结果 3种土壤pH均呈弱碱性（7.87-7.93），泥石流冲积扇土（Cs）的速效氮（186.03 mg/kg）、全磷（2.23 g/kg）、有机质（64.58 g/kg）等养分含量显著高于黄土（As）和片岩土（Bs）。根际与根内微生物均以放线菌门和变形菌门为优势菌群，Cs土壤中放线菌门丰度显著。PCA分析显示根内微生物群落结构相似，而根际微生物中Bs与Cs聚为一类，与As差异显著，LEfSe分析进一步明确了不同分组的差异物种。冗余分析表明土壤pH、全氮、全磷、有机质是驱动微生物群落变异的主因，解释量达99.28%，其中放线菌门与全氮、全磷、有机质呈显著正相关。KEGG功能注释显示以代谢功能为主，且Cs土壤的氮循环相关基因丰度较高。结论土壤类型通过改变养分有效性及pH显著调控微生物群落结构与功能，泥石流冲积扇土因高养分含量及适宜pH更利于富集菌群，可作为油橄榄园选址的优先参考，为提升油橄榄种植效益提供了科学依据。

关键词: 油橄榄园, 根际土壤, 理化性质, 宏基因组, 细菌群落

Abstract:

Objective To provide a basis for optimizing cultivation techniques, this study explored the effects of different soil conditions (loess, phyllite soil, and debris flow alluvial fan soil) in the non-traditional olive-growing area of Longnan, Gansu on the rhizosphere microorganisms of olive trees. Method The study focused on 15-year-old ‘Lei Xing’ olive trees in Wudu district, Longnan. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured, and the bacterial community structure and function were analyzed through metagenomic sequencing. Result All three soil types showed slightly alkaline pH (7.87-7.93). Debris flow alluvial fan soil (Cs) possessed significantly higher levels of key nutrients compared to loess (As) and schist (Bs) soils, including available nitrogen (AN: 186.03 mg/kg), total phosphorus (TP: 2.23 g/kg), and soil organic matter (SOM: 64.58 g/kg).Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere compartments across all soil types. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly elevated in the Cs rhizosphere soil. PCA revealed that root endosphere microbial communities were relatively similar regardless of soil type. In contrast, rhizosphere microbial communities from Bs and Cs soils clustered together, showing significant divergence from those in As soil. RDA indicated that soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and organic matter (OM) were the primary environmental factors driving variation in microbial community composition, collectively explaining 99.28% of the observed variance. Notably, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria showed a significantly positive correlation with TN, TP, and OM contents. KEGG annotation demonstrated that metabolic functions dominated the functional profiles across all samples. Metagenomic analysis further revealed a higher abundance of genes associated with nitrogen cycling pathways in the Cs rhizosphere soil compared to the other soil types. Conclusion This study demonstrates that soil type significantly shapes the structure and functional potential of olive rhizosphere microbial communities in the non-traditional Longnan region, primarily through its influence on nutrient availability and pH. Debris flow alluvial fan soil (Cs), characterized by higher nutrient content and a suitable pH, fostered a distinct and potentially beneficial microbial community enriched in Actinobacteria. Consequently, Cs soil should be prioritized as a reference soil type for new olive orchard site selection in similar non-traditional regions. These findings provide a scientific basis for enhancing olive cultivation efficiency through optimized soil management and site selection.

Key words: olive garden, rhizosphere soil, physicochemical properties, metagenomics, bacterial community

张建霞, 姜成英, 吴文俊, 金高明, 张聪聪, 姚玉芳, 张荣, 戚建莉. 不同土壤条件下油橄榄园根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落特征[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(4): 287-296.

ZHANG Jian-xia, JIANG Cheng-ying, WU Wen-jun, JIN Gao-ming, ZHANG Cong-cong, YAO Yu-fang, ZHANG Rong, QI Jian-li. Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil in Olive Orchards under Different Soil Conditions[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(4): 287-296.

图/表 7

图1 不同土壤条件橄榄园根际土壤微生物门级（A）和属级（B）水平上的物种组成

Fig. 1 Microbial community composition at the phylum (a) and genus (b) levels in the rhizosphere soil of olive orchards under different soil conditions

表1 油橄榄土壤理化性质统计

Table 1 Statistical summary of soil physicochemical properties for olive trees

类型Type

速效氮

AN（mg/kg）

全氮

TN（mg/g）

速效磷

AP（mg/kg）

全磷

TP（g/kg）

全钾

TK（g/kg）

速效钾

AK（mg/kg）

有机质

OM（g/kg）

图2 不同土壤条件橄榄园根际土壤微生物门（A）和属（B）水平上的主成分分析

Fig. 2 Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial communities at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels in the rhizosphere soil of olive orchards under different soil conditions

图3 不同油橄榄园土壤细菌LEfSe分析圈从外到里的分类水平依次为门、纲、目、科、属。各颜色的点表示在其组别中重要的真菌类群，黄色的点表示在各组中丰度差异不显著的真菌类群

Fig. 3 LEfSe analysis of soil bacteria in different olive orchardsThe circles from the outermost to the innermost refer tothe taxonomic levels of phylum, class, order, family, and genus, respectively. The colored dots indicate important fungal groups within each category, while the yellow dots denotefungal groups that do not show significant differences in abundance across the groups

图4 油橄榄根际土壤细菌群落丰度前10物种（属水平）与环境因子的冗余分析

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis of the top 10 most abundant bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of olive trees and environmental factors

图6 不同土壤条件橄榄园根际土壤微生物在level 1 （A）、 level 2 （B）和 level 3 （C）上的功能组成

Fig. 6 Functional composition of rhizosphere soil microorganisms in olive orchards under different soil conditions at level 1 (A), level 2 (B) and level 3(C) functional categories

图7 土壤环境因子与油橄榄根际微生物主要功能的相关性（KEGG）

Fig. 7 Correlation between soil environmental factors and key microbial functions in the rhizosphere of olive trees (KEGG)

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