合成微生物群落增强植物抗旱性的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1446

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变暖的背景下，干旱范围的扩大、强度的加剧以及发生频次的增加，导致植物生产力下降，对农业生产构成严重威胁。植物通过自身生理调节应对干旱胁迫，根际微生物作为重要的中间信号传递体，其所分泌的信号分子能够调控植物表型，以增强植物抵御干旱的能力。然而，自然界中天然根际微生物群落的物种多样性和功能复杂性为深入研究根际信号传导机制带来巨大挑战。相比之下，合成微生物群落（synthetic microbial communities, SynComs）因组成的明确性和功能的可定制性，在精准调控根际信号传导和系统性增强植物抗旱能力方面展现出显著潜力与独特优势。本文综述了根际微生物尤其是SynComs协助植物增强抗旱性的优势，重点聚焦于设计SynComs，强化植物-微生物及微生物-微生物之间的根际正效应信号流，从群体感应、交叉喂养等角度深入解析其传导机制，为建立可预测、高效的农业微生态调控新路径提供理论依据与实践策略。

关键词: 合成微生物群落, 根际信号传导, 交叉喂养, 群体感应, 植物抗旱性, 根际微生物组

Abstract:

Global climate warming has led to more extensive, severe, and frequent droughts, which in turn have reduced plant productivity and posed a serious threat to agricultural production. Plants respond to drought stress through their own physiological regulation. As an important intermediate signal transmitter, rhizosphere microorganisms secrete signal molecules that can regulate plant phenotypes and enhance the ability of plants to resist drought. However, the natural rhizosphere microbial community in natural environment has high species diversity and functional complexity, which brings great challenges to the in-depth study of rhizosphere signaling mechanisms. In contrast to its clear functional structure, synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) show significant potential and unique advantages in accurately regulating rhizosphere signaling and systematically enhancing plant drought resistance. This paper reviews the design of SynComs to strengthen the positive effect signal flow in the rhizosphere from the perspective of strengthening plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, and deeply analyzes the transmission mechanism from the perspectives of quorum sensing and cross-feeding, so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical strategies for establishing a predictable and efficient new path of agricultural microecological regulation.

Key words: synthetic microbial community, rhizosphere signal transduction, cross-feeding, quorum sensing, plant resistance to drought, rhizosphere microbiome

何莛莛, 李玲娟. 合成微生物群落增强植物抗旱性的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(5): 51-62.

HE Ting-ting, LI Ling-juan. Research Progress in the Enhancement of Plant Resistance to Drought by Synthetic Microbial Communities[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 51-62.

图/表 5

图1 植物-微生物信号传导系统干旱条件下，植物与根际微生物以整体为单位共同对抗极端条件。植物感应到环境变化，其根部产生根系分泌物，主要包括初级代谢物（有机酸、氨基酸等）和次级代谢物（黄酮类、独脚金内酯、香豆素等）。根际微生物感受到土壤根际环境的变化，也产生该环境下特有的分泌物（铁载体、胞外聚合物、植物激素等），最终改变植物的生理状态。此时，植物作为感受器，而根系分泌的特殊物质作为信号分子向根际微生物传递“危险”信号，根际微生物分泌特定的物质，再次将信息反馈给植物，最终促进植物调整自身生理状态，以响应干旱胁迫

Fig. 1 Plant-microbe signaling transduction systemUnder drought conditions, plants and rhizosphere microorganisms work together as a whole to combat extreme conditions. Plants sense environmental changes, and their roots produce root exudates, mainly including primary metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, etc.) and secondary metabolites (flavonoids, strigolactones, coumarins, etc.). Rhizosphere microorganisms sense the changes in the soil rhizosphere environment, and also produce specific exudates (siderophores, extracellular polymers, phytohormones, etc.) in this environment, which ultimately changes the physiological state of plants. At this time, plants act as receptors, and special substances secreted by roots act as signal molecules to transmit “dangerous” signals to rhizosphere microorganisms, which secrete specific substances and feed back information to plants again, ultimately promoting plants to adjust their physiological state in response to drought stress

图2 根际微生物协助植物抵御干旱

Fig. 2 Rhizosphere microbes assist plants in drought-tolerance

图3 合成微生物群落增强途径

Fig. 3 Enhancement pathways in synthetic microbial community

图4 微生物互作增强途径根际环境中，筛选发挥功能的关键菌株，它们可能是细菌和细菌的搭配，或者细菌和真菌这样的跨界合作，分泌碳源、氮源、酶、代谢物等，或者为彼此提供营养。通过构建这样相互作用，协同共进的合成微生物群落，能够放大群体感应信号，发生级联反应，放大关键菌株的功能。这样通过交叉喂养、生态位互补、增强信号通路改变根际环境，最终实现资源分配，合作共赢

Fig. 4 Pathways to enhance microbial interactionsIn the rhizosphere environment, screening the key strains that play a role may be the combination of bacteria and bacteria or the cross-border cooperation of bacteria and fungi, secreting carbon or nitrogen sources, enzymes, metabolites, etc. or providing nutrients for each other. By constructing a synthetic microbial community that interacts and cooperates with each other, quorum sensing signals can be amplified, cascade reactions occur, and the functions of key strains can be enhanced. In this way, through cross-feeding, niche complementation, enhancing signaling pathways to change the rhizosphere environment, and ultimately resource allocation and win-win cooperation can be achieved

图5 根际微生物组影响与改变生物胁迫、非生物胁迫和其他植物的根系代谢物对植物根际环境产生影响，定殖于植物根部的原根际微生物组重塑，调整为适应该环境下的微生物组，继续协助植物抵御各种胁迫

Fig. 5 Effects and changes of rhizosphere microbiomeBiotic and abiotic stresses, together with root metabolites from surrounding plants, alter the rhizosphere environment. The native rhizosphere microbiome colonizing plant roots consequently restructures, adapting to the changed conditions and continuing to help plants withstand multiple stresses

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