水稻质核互作雄性不育及育性恢复研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2026-0390

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质核互作雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）是由细胞质基因和核基因共同控制的雄性不育类型，水稻雄性不育植株雌性器官正常，可接受外来花粉而结实，利用这一特性可省去人工去雄的步骤，从而高效简便地获得杂交种。目前水稻已有多种细胞质雄性不育类型应用于生产，并且随着基因组学、基因编辑技术的发展，多个细胞质雄性不育基因及育性恢复基因被鉴定或克隆。本文主要介绍了水稻雄性不育胞质的类型及利用现状、雄性不育基因的鉴定与验证策略、雄性不育机理、不同不育胞质育性恢复基因的定位及恢复机制等方面的研究进展，进而对规范命名、深入应用线粒体编辑技术、解析质核互作雄性不育及育性恢复分子机制、重视微效恢复基因等方面提出展望，旨在为水稻质核互作雄性不育及育性恢复的基础研究及育种应用提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 质核互作雄性不育, 育性恢复, 杂种优势利用

Abstract:

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a type of male sterility governed by the interaction between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes. Male sterile rice plants possess normal female organs and can set seeds by accepting foreign pollens, a trait that eliminates the need for artificial emasculation and thus enables efficient and convenient hybrid seed production. To date, several CMS types have been utilized in rice production. With advances in genomics and gene editing technologies, multiple CMS-associated genes and fertility restorer genes have been identified or cloned. This review mainly summarizes research progress in the following areas: types and utilization status of male sterile cytoplasms in rice, strategies for identification and validation of male sterility genes, the mechanisms underlying male sterility, as well as mapping and restoration mechanisms of fertility restorer genes for different sterile cytoplasms. Perspectives are also proposed on standardizing the nomenclature, deepening the application of mitochondrial editing technologies, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration, and paying attention to minor-effect restorer genes. This review aims to serve as a reference for basic research and breeding applications of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice.

Key words: rice, cytoplasmic male sterility, fertility restoration, harnessing heterosis

刘洋, 许作鹏, 张宏根, 刘巧泉, 汤述翥. 水稻质核互作雄性不育及育性恢复研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(9): 29-41.

LIU Yang, Xu Zuo-peng, ZHANG Hong-gen, Liu Qiao-quan, Tang Shu-zhu. Research Progress on Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Fertility Restoration in Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(9): 29-41.

图/表 5

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雄性不育类型 CMS type	胞质来源 Cytoplasmic origin	主要败育特征 Major abortion characteristics	遗传特点 Genetic characteristics	参考文献 References
D1	东乡野生稻	总体上无花粉，偶有典败花粉	孢子体不育	［7］
野败（WA）	海南野生稻	典败	孢子体不育	［8］
矮败（DA）	江西野生稻	典败	孢子体不育	［9］
印水（ID）	印尼水田谷6号	典败	孢子体不育	［10］
D	籼稻Dissi	典败	孢子体不育	［11］
冈（G）	西非籼稻冈比亚卡	典败	孢子体不育	［12］
K	云南粳稻K₅₂	典败	孢子体不育	［9］
FA	福建野生稻	有文献指出其为典败，但其花粉败育图片与D1型较为相似	孢子体不育	［7，13-14］
红莲（HL）	红芒野生稻	圆败	配子体不育	［15］
包台（BT）	印度籼稻Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ	染败	配子体不育	［9］
滇1	云南高海拔籼稻	染败	配子体不育	［16］
LD	缅甸籼稻品种lead rice	染败	配子体不育	［17］
CW	中国野生稻	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，但无萌发活力	配子体不育	［2］
RT98	普通野生稻	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，但无萌发活力	配子体不育	［18］
TA	菲律宾籼稻品种Tadukan	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，具有萌发活力，但花药不开裂	未见明确报道	［19］
Tetep	越南籼稻品种Tetep	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，具有萌发活力，但花药不开裂	未见明确报道	［20］
RT102	普通野生稻	同时含不染色花粉和深染花粉，均无萌发活力	未见明确报道	［21］

雄性不育类型 CMS type	胞质来源 Cytoplasmic origin	主要败育特征 Major abortion characteristics	遗传特点 Genetic characteristics	参考文献 References
D1	东乡野生稻	总体上无花粉，偶有典败花粉	孢子体不育	［7］
野败（WA）	海南野生稻	典败	孢子体不育	［8］
矮败（DA）	江西野生稻	典败	孢子体不育	［9］
印水（ID）	印尼水田谷6号	典败	孢子体不育	［10］
D	籼稻Dissi	典败	孢子体不育	［11］
冈（G）	西非籼稻冈比亚卡	典败	孢子体不育	［12］
K	云南粳稻K₅₂	典败	孢子体不育	［9］
FA	福建野生稻	有文献指出其为典败，但其花粉败育图片与D1型较为相似	孢子体不育	［7，13-14］
红莲（HL）	红芒野生稻	圆败	配子体不育	［15］
包台（BT）	印度籼稻Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ	染败	配子体不育	［9］
滇1	云南高海拔籼稻	染败	配子体不育	［16］
LD	缅甸籼稻品种lead rice	染败	配子体不育	［17］
CW	中国野生稻	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，但无萌发活力	配子体不育	［2］
RT98	普通野生稻	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，但无萌发活力	配子体不育	［18］
TA	菲律宾籼稻品种Tadukan	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，具有萌发活力，但花药不开裂	未见明确报道	［19］
Tetep	越南籼稻品种Tetep	花粉经I₂-KI染色后外观正常，具有萌发活力，但花药不开裂	未见明确报道	［20］
RT102	普通野生稻	同时含不染色花粉和深染花粉，均无萌发活力	未见明确报道	［21］

恢复基因类型 Restorer gene types	基因 Gene	编码蛋白的标志性结构域 Signature domain of encoding protein	编码蛋白存在线粒体定位特征（预测或实验证明） Presence of mitochondrial localization features of encoding protein （Predicted or experimentally confirmed）	可能的恢复育性层面 Possible level of fertility restoration	可能的育性恢复机制 Possible mechanism of fertility restoration	参考文献 References
WA	Rf4	PPR	是	转录后	降解WA352	［27，53］
WA	Rf20	PPR	是	翻译后	和WA352竞争性结合COX11	［61］
HL	Rf5（Rf1a）	PPR	是	转录后	以育性恢复复合体形式介导atp6-orfH79的剪切（降解）	［24，68］
HL	Rf6	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orfH79的剪切（降解）	［15，69］
BT	Rf1a（Rf5）	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的剪切（降解）	［24］
BT	Rf1b	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的降解	［24］
BT	Rf2	GRP	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的降解	［17，81］
BT	Rf6	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的剪切（降解）	［69，82-83］
FA	OsRf19	PPR	是	转录后	介导FA182的剪切（降解）	［14］
LD	Rf2	GRP	是	转录后	介导atp6-L-orf79的降解	［17，81］
CW	Rf17	ACPS-like	是	暂不明确	暂不明确	［86］
RT98	PPR762	PPR	是	暂不明确	暂不明确	［89］

恢复基因类型 Restorer gene types	基因 Gene	编码蛋白的标志性结构域 Signature domain of encoding protein	编码蛋白存在线粒体定位特征（预测或实验证明） Presence of mitochondrial localization features of encoding protein （Predicted or experimentally confirmed）	可能的恢复育性层面 Possible level of fertility restoration	可能的育性恢复机制 Possible mechanism of fertility restoration	参考文献 References
WA	Rf4	PPR	是	转录后	降解WA352	［27，53］
WA	Rf20	PPR	是	翻译后	和WA352竞争性结合COX11	［61］
HL	Rf5（Rf1a）	PPR	是	转录后	以育性恢复复合体形式介导atp6-orfH79的剪切（降解）	［24，68］
HL	Rf6	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orfH79的剪切（降解）	［15，69］
BT	Rf1a（Rf5）	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的剪切（降解）	［24］
BT	Rf1b	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的降解	［24］
BT	Rf2	GRP	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的降解	［17，81］
BT	Rf6	PPR	是	转录后	介导atp6-orf79的剪切（降解）	［69，82-83］
FA	OsRf19	PPR	是	转录后	介导FA182的剪切（降解）	［14］
LD	Rf2	GRP	是	转录后	介导atp6-L-orf79的降解	［17，81］
CW	Rf17	ACPS-like	是	暂不明确	暂不明确	［86］
RT98	PPR762	PPR	是	暂不明确	暂不明确	［89］