植物萜类合成关键基因DXS研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0779

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

萜类物质是自然界中广泛存在的一类天然化合物，对植物、动物和人类都有重要价值。1-脱氧木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶（DXS）对萜类物质合成调控起关键作用，是2-C-甲基-D-赤藻糖醇-4-磷酸（MEP）途径的第一个酶，也是该途径的一个限速酶，亚细胞定位于类囊体中，具有质体转运肽序列和3个功能结构域：TPP结合结构域、转酮醇酶结构域和嘧啶结合结构域，可用高效液相色谱法测定其活性。目前已从178种植物中克隆分离到DXS基因，按蛋白同源性可分为3类：DXS1、DXS2和DXS3。DXS基因表达具有组织特异性、昼夜节律性，与花朵、果实发育程度和品种有关。转外源或内源DXS基因的植株过表达或抑制表达都会引起植物光合色素（如叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）、内源激素（如脱落酸和赤霉素）和单萜等萜类物质含量的改变。重点综述了DXS蛋白的特性、基因的类型、基因表达、调控和遗传转化方面的研究进展，以期为植物育种和代谢调节提供理论和实践参考。

关键词: 1-脱氧木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶基因（DXS）, MEP途径, 萜类物质, 植物

Abstract:

Terpenoids are a class of natural compounds widely present in nature and have important values in plants，animals and human beings. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase（DXS）is the first and a rate-limiting enzyme in 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosohate（MEP）pathway，and plays a key role in the regulation of terpenoids biosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoids and has a plastid transit peptide sequence and three functional domains：a TPP binding domain，transketolase domain and pyrimidine binding domain. The DXS enzyme activity can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography. At present，DXS genes have been cloned and isolated from 178 plants and can be sorted into three classes based on the homology of protein sequences：DXS1，DXS2，and DXS3. The expression patterns of DXS genes were demonstrated by tissue specificity，circadian rhythm and related to developmental stages of flowers and fruits as well as varieties. Overexpression or inhibition of DXS genes in transgenic plants with exogenous or endogenous DXS genes can influence the variations of photosynthetic pigments（such as chlorophylls and carotenoids），endogenous hormones（such as abscisic acid and gibberellin）and other terpenoids. In this paper，characteristics of DXS protein，the types of DXS gene，and their expressions，regulations and genetic transformations were reviewed prominently in order to provide theoretical and practical references for plant breeding and metabolism regulation.

Key words: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene（DXS）, MEP pathway, terpenoids, plants

张浩宇, 樊俊苗, 王婷, 韩渊怀, 杜方. 植物萜类合成关键基因DXS研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(3): 1-8.

ZHANG Hao-yu, FAN Jun-miao, WANG Ting, HAN Yuan-huai, DU Fang. Advances on Key Gene DXS Involved in the Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(3): 1-8.

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