植物愈伤组织诱导过程中的表观遗传修饰研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物组织培养是一个复杂的发育过程,可分为愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和不定根诱导3个主要阶段,将外植体成功诱导出愈伤组织在生物科学的研究中具有重要意义。植物愈伤组织诱导是指将已分化的细胞逆转为多能性干细胞,是分化细胞内部的基因在复杂的外界因素刺激下相互作用的结果,不但受到众多外源信号的调控,还受到内部多样的表观遗传修饰的影响。生物体内表观遗传信息的改变比基因组DNA序列的改变影响更为深远,可影响到植物组织培养的每个环节。前期研究表明,表观遗传修饰在植物愈伤组织的诱导过程中起到了重要作用。综述了DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、小RNA、转座子及染色质重塑等常见的表观遗传修饰对植物愈伤组织诱导的影响,分析了其中的调控机制,总结了表观遗传修饰在该领域存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的研究方向,以推动表观遗传学在该领域的深入研究,不但有助于深化对愈伤组织诱导过程的理解,更有助于顽拗植物愈伤组织的诱导工作,甚至对推动转基因植物的开发都有一定的帮助作用。

关键词: 愈伤组织诱导, DNA甲基化, 组蛋白修饰, 小RNA, 染色质重塑

Abstract:

Plant tissue culture is a complex development process,and it can be divided into three main stages：callus induction,adventitious shoot regeneration and adventitious root induction. Effective callus induction is of great significance for biological science research. Plant callus induction refers to differentiated cells reversed into pluripotent stem cells,and is a result of the interaction of genes in differentiated cells under the stimulation of complex external factors,which is not only regulated by many external signals,but also affected by internal diverse epigenetic modifications. Changes in epigenetics information in an organism leads to more profound impact than changes in genomic DNA sequences,and can affect every aspect of plant tissue culture. Early studies show that epigenetic modification plays an important role in the induction of plant callus. Therefore,this paper reviews the effects of some epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone modification,small RNA,transposon and chromatin remodeling on the induction of plant callus,analyzes the regulatory mechanism,summarizes the major issues of epigenetics modification in this field,and prospects for future research directions,which is not only conducive to deepening the understanding of callus induction process,also to callus induction work of recalcitrant plants and even to promoting the development of transgenic plants.

Key words: callus induction, DNA methylation, histone modification, small RNA, chromatin remodeling

王建勇, 邹永梅, 葛言彬, 王凯, 席梦利. 植物愈伤组织诱导过程中的表观遗传修饰研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(8): 253-262.

WANG Jian-yong, ZOU Yong-mei, GE Yan-bin, WANG Kai, XI Meng-li. Advance on Epigenetic Modification During Plant Callus Induction[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(8): 253-262.

图/表 1

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