镉胁迫下锌硒交互作用对水稻镉毒害的缓解机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-1127

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究镉、锌、硒及不同组合复合添加对水稻种子萌发、植株生长发育和不同部位镉含量的影响,揭示锌、硒、锌硒交互作用对水稻镉毒害的缓解机制。以水稻品种南粳9108为研究对象,采用萌发试验和水培试验,测定其萌发、生长、生理指标及不同部位镉含量。结果表明：不同镉浓度水平胁迫下,种子萌发表现为低促高抑,添加锌后可以缓解镉对种子生理指标的抑制作用,减少镉含量的积累,添加硒则不能缓解种子生理指标的抑制作用,且高硒会加重毒害使种子生理指标值降低,锌硒联用可以促进种子萌发,但不能促进幼根幼芽生长;在5 mg/L镉胁迫下,添加不同浓度硒、锌均能显著增加水稻幼苗的根长、株高、叶片相对含水量、SPAD值,缓解镉对水稻生长发育的毒害,显著降低水稻根系镉含量;但锌硒联用会使水稻株高、SPAD值显著降低,而对水稻根长、叶片相对含水量的影响不显著。可见,镉胁迫下添加适宜浓度的锌、硒可以有效降低镉在水稻中的积累,缓解镉对水稻生长发育的毒害作用。

关键词: 锌, 硒, 镉胁迫, 水稻

Abstract:

This work aims to study cadmium Cd,zinc（Zn）,selenium（Se）and various combinations of them on the germination of rice seeds,growth and development of plants,and the Cd contents in different parts,as well as to explore the alleviation mechanisms of Zn or Se or Zn-Se interaction on the toxicity of Cd in rice. Having rice variety Nanjing 9108 as study object,germination and hydroponic experiment were conducted to measure the germination,growth,physiological indexes and Cd content in different parts. The experimental results showed that seed germination was promoted at low concentration of Cd,while inhibited at high concentration. The inhibitory effects of Cd on the physiological indexes of rice seeds were alleviated after Zn added,and accumulation of Cd was reduced. Instead,the inhibitory effects of Cd on the physiological indexes of rice seeds were not alleviated after Se added,and high concentration of Se increased the toxicity of Cd on the seeds and led to the physiological indexes of seeds reduced. The synergistic application of Zn and Se promoted seed germination,but did not facilitate the growth of rice seedlings. Under 5 mg/L Cd stress,adding Zn or Se at different concentrations both significantly increased the lengths of roots,the heights of seedlings,relative water contents of leaves and the value of SPAD,alleviated the toxicity of Cd to rice growth and development,as well as significantly reduced Cd contents in the roots of rice. The heights of seedlings and SPAD decreased dramatically,and lengths of roots and relative water contents did not change observably after Zn and Se were added together. Therefore,appropriate concentration of Zn and Se may effectively decrease the Cd accumulation in rice,and reduce the toxicity of Cd to rice.

Key words: zinc, selenium, cadmium stress, rice

呼艳姣, 陈美凤, 强瑀, 李海燕, 刘静, 秦樊鑫. 镉胁迫下锌硒交互作用对水稻镉毒害的缓解机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(4): 143-152.

HU Yan-jiao, CHEN Mei-feng, QIANG Yu, LI Hai-yan, LIU Jing, QIN Fan-xin. Alleviation Mechanisms of Zinc-selenium Interaction on the Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Under Cadmium Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(4): 143-152.

图/表 6

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处理Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	发芽势Germination potential/%	发芽率Germination rate/%	根鲜重Root fresh weight/（g/皿）	芽鲜重Shoot fresh weight /（g/皿）	根长Root length/cm	芽长Shoot length/cm	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vitality index
CK	60.67±0.02a	78.67±0.02b	0.24±0.02cd	0.32±0.03c	3.09±0.21b	3.01±0.18ab	59.87±3.06a	169.90±24.42a
Cd0.1	60.67±0.03a	82.67±0.03b	0.25±0.01c	0.32±0.01c	3.43±0.25ab	2.98±0.18ab	59.69±3.08ab	175.63±12.00a
Cd0.5	54.00±0.02b	84.00±0.02b	0.29±0.01b	0.39±0.01b	3.32±0.12b	3.01±0.13ab	56.56±3.05ab	177.86±29.51a
Cd1	61.00±0.04a	90.67±0.04a	0.31±0.02a	0.47±0.02a	3.66±0.14a	3.21±0.19a	60.34±2.43ab	202.26±22.37a
Cd2	58.67±0.03ab	85.33±0.05ab	0.21±0.01d	0.31±0.02c	2.26±0.03c	3.01±0.05ab	55.85±0.82b	172.61±4.19a
Cd4	52.67±0.01b	66.00±0.02c	0.17±0.01e	0.29±0.01cd	1.99±0.10d	2.73±0.16b	46.33±0.67c	119.38±3.60b
Cd8	42.00±0.03c	60.00±0.04d	0.16±0.00e	0.28±0.02d	1.54±0.13e	2.66±0.19b	37.55±1.98d	91.43±10.69b
Cd10	22.00±0.02d	44.67±0.03e	0.12±0.01f	0.27±0.02d	1.21±0.07f	2.81±0.13b	23.60±1.03e	61.60±3.55c

处理Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	发芽势Germination potential/%	发芽率Germination rate/%	根鲜重Root fresh weight/（g/皿）	芽鲜重Shoot fresh weight /（g/皿）	根长Root length/cm	芽长Shoot length/cm	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vitality index
CK	60.67±0.02a	78.67±0.02b	0.24±0.02cd	0.32±0.03c	3.09±0.21b	3.01±0.18ab	59.87±3.06a	169.90±24.42a
Cd0.1	60.67±0.03a	82.67±0.03b	0.25±0.01c	0.32±0.01c	3.43±0.25ab	2.98±0.18ab	59.69±3.08ab	175.63±12.00a
Cd0.5	54.00±0.02b	84.00±0.02b	0.29±0.01b	0.39±0.01b	3.32±0.12b	3.01±0.13ab	56.56±3.05ab	177.86±29.51a
Cd1	61.00±0.04a	90.67±0.04a	0.31±0.02a	0.47±0.02a	3.66±0.14a	3.21±0.19a	60.34±2.43ab	202.26±22.37a
Cd2	58.67±0.03ab	85.33±0.05ab	0.21±0.01d	0.31±0.02c	2.26±0.03c	3.01±0.05ab	55.85±0.82b	172.61±4.19a
Cd4	52.67±0.01b	66.00±0.02c	0.17±0.01e	0.29±0.01cd	1.99±0.10d	2.73±0.16b	46.33±0.67c	119.38±3.60b
Cd8	42.00±0.03c	60.00±0.04d	0.16±0.00e	0.28±0.02d	1.54±0.13e	2.66±0.19b	37.55±1.98d	91.43±10.69b
Cd10	22.00±0.02d	44.67±0.03e	0.12±0.01f	0.27±0.02d	1.21±0.07f	2.81±0.13b	23.60±1.03e	61.60±3.55c

处理Treatment /（mg·L^-1）	发芽势Germination potential/%	发芽率Germination rate/%	根鲜重Root fresh weight/（g/皿）	芽鲜重Shoot fresh weight /（g/皿）	根长Root length/cm	芽长Shoot length/cm	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vitality index
CK	46.00±0.02a	82.67±3.06a	0.24±0.03a	0.329±0.05a	2.76±0.04a	3.01±0.18a	50.94±1.02a	153.48±9.47a
Cd5	11.33±0.03d	47.33±3.06d	0.14±0.04d	0.29±0.04b	0.48±0.04e	2.75±0.11b	17.13±0.82e	47.08±3.52e
Cd5+Zn5	31.33±0.11c	74.00±2.00b	0.20±0.06c	0.25±0.04c	1.32±0.05c	3.12±0.14a	38.91±0.53c	121.41±6.22c
Cd5+Zn10	39.33±0.08b	82.67±5.03a	0.23±0.08b	0.33±0.05a	1.61±0.03b	3.12±0.04a	44.85±1.57b	139.96±6.67b
Cd5+Se1	8.33±0.05e	29.33±1.15e	0.14±0.05d	0.24±0.04c	0.48±0.03e	1.94±0.02d	10.78±1.36f	20.92±2.67f
Cd5+Se5	6.00±0.01e	24.67±3.05e	0.01±0.06g	0.11±0.04e	0.45±0.04f	1.80±0.01d	7.39±0.45g	13.30±0.81f
Cd5+Se1+Zn5	6.67±0.05e	15.33±1.15f	0.07±0.03f	0.12±0.03e	0.46±0.03ef	2.21±0.06c	8.25±0.81g	18.28±2.20f
Cd5+Se5+Zn10	30.00±0.09c	57.33±2.31c	0.12±0.11e	0.16±0.05d	0.50±0.03de	2.72±0.12b	32.66±0.42d	88.81±2.82d

处理Treatment /（mg·L^-1）	发芽势Germination potential/%	发芽率Germination rate/%	根鲜重Root fresh weight/（g/皿）	芽鲜重Shoot fresh weight /（g/皿）	根长Root length/cm	芽长Shoot length/cm	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vitality index
CK	46.00±0.02a	82.67±3.06a	0.24±0.03a	0.329±0.05a	2.76±0.04a	3.01±0.18a	50.94±1.02a	153.48±9.47a
Cd5	11.33±0.03d	47.33±3.06d	0.14±0.04d	0.29±0.04b	0.48±0.04e	2.75±0.11b	17.13±0.82e	47.08±3.52e
Cd5+Zn5	31.33±0.11c	74.00±2.00b	0.20±0.06c	0.25±0.04c	1.32±0.05c	3.12±0.14a	38.91±0.53c	121.41±6.22c
Cd5+Zn10	39.33±0.08b	82.67±5.03a	0.23±0.08b	0.33±0.05a	1.61±0.03b	3.12±0.04a	44.85±1.57b	139.96±6.67b
Cd5+Se1	8.33±0.05e	29.33±1.15e	0.14±0.05d	0.24±0.04c	0.48±0.03e	1.94±0.02d	10.78±1.36f	20.92±2.67f
Cd5+Se5	6.00±0.01e	24.67±3.05e	0.01±0.06g	0.11±0.04e	0.45±0.04f	1.80±0.01d	7.39±0.45g	13.30±0.81f
Cd5+Se1+Zn5	6.67±0.05e	15.33±1.15f	0.07±0.03f	0.12±0.03e	0.46±0.03ef	2.21±0.06c	8.25±0.81g	18.28±2.20f
Cd5+Se5+Zn10	30.00±0.09c	57.33±2.31c	0.12±0.11e	0.16±0.05d	0.50±0.03de	2.72±0.12b	32.66±0.42d	88.81±2.82d

处理 Treatment/（mg·L^-1）	根长Root length/cm	株高Plant height/cm	相对含水量Relative water content/%	SPAD值Arbitrary units
CK	18.20±1.35c	54.46±6.15a	97.41±1.05a	41.33±1.11a
Cd0.5	15.40±0.89d	34.53±3.10e	81.75±1.46c	27.57±0.83e
Zn1	22.80±0.95a	53.68±4.67a	96.96±0.77a	42.55±1.01a
Se0.5	17.80±1.05c	44.50±4.39b	89.89±1.60b	38.23±1.17b
Cd0.5+Zn1	21.40±1.30a	38.47±3.55d	89.09±2.22b	35.63±1.22c
Cd0.5+Se0.5	19.00±0.56b	41.96±6.22c	95.69±1.06a	31.10±0.92d
Cd0.5+Zn1+Se0.5	16.50±0.89d	26.73±3.61f	80.41±1.24c	23.07±0.67f